Breeding birds during 50 years of post-fire succession in the Sierra Nevada Martin G. Raphael, Daniel A. Airola, Gary A. Falxa, Roger D. Harris, and Peter.

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Presentation transcript:

Breeding birds during 50 years of post-fire succession in the Sierra Nevada Martin G. Raphael, Daniel A. Airola, Gary A. Falxa, Roger D. Harris, and Peter A. Stine

The Donner Fire burned ~18,000 ha on the eastern Sierra Nevada

1965 – two 8.5-ha permanent plots established

Burned Plot Unburned Plot

Objectives  Examine and contrast changes in vegetation over ~50-yr time series  Estimate bird abundance and diversity and compare results on burned and unburned plots over 50-yr  Relate changes in bird community to changes in vegetation

Monitoring timeline Donner fire

Burned plot has changed dramatically over time (no management or harvest)

Field equipment (and people) have changed too

Density of Snags (number > 38 cm/ha)

Percent Cover, Shrubs ( n = 1170 points)

Herbs & Grasses (% cover, n = 1170 points)

Basal Area of Conifers (m 2 /ha) Burned Unburned

Conifer Canopy Cover (%, n = 1170)

Total Bird Territories

Species Richness

Foraging guilds  Wood excavating (woodpeckers)  Bark gleaning (nuthatches, brown creeper)  Flycatching (nighthawk, flycatchers)  Canopy foliage searching (jays, chickadees, kinglets, vireos, warblers)  Ground/brush searching (quail, dove, hummingbirds, bluebird, solitaire, thrush, robin, towhee, juncos, finches, sparrows)

Wood Excavating

Bark gleaning

Flycatching

Canopy Foliage Searching

Ground/brush Searching

Percent Similarity (Ruzicka’s Index)

Major Changes in Species Abundance Increased Species1960s2010s Hermit warbler AbsentCommon Pileated woodpecker Common raven Osprey Northern goshawk AbsentRare Clark’s nutcracker Black- throated gray warbler Green-tailed towhee Decreased Species1960s2010s Mountain bluebird CommonAbsent Brewer’s sparrow Cooper’s hawk Sooty grouse ModerateAbsent House wren Pygmy nuthatch American kestrel Lazuli buntingRareAbsent Lewis’ woodpecker

Temperature has increased over time

Summary  Vegetation is still changing, 50 years after fire on the burned plot, but also on the unburned plot  Bird community structure (guilds and species represented) has changed dramatically on the burned plot in response to vegetation change  The bird community on the unburned plot has also changed, to a smaller degree  Overall species richness has been comparable on plots over time  Bird abundance (# territories) has increased by roughly 50% on both plots  Some bird population changes could be due to climate change

Thanks to  Sagehen Creek Field Station for accommodation and logistics  Station managers Jeff Brown and Faerthen Felix for help and advice  Carl and Jane Bock for initiating this work and suggesting our recent follow-up surveys  Meryl Sundove and Joe Batres for field assistance  Truckee Ranger District for protecting plots  Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest Research Stations for funding