From Adoption to Implementation Experiences in the EU Bill Duncan, ASSURRE EU Research Center Workshop, Prague 13 April 2004

Waste disposal Waste management Resource recovery Sustainable development Legislation for treatment methods Hazardous Materials Product Streams Development of Recycling targets Development of Source Separation 6 th EAP EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION Shipment Regulation

Waste Management Policy Community Waste Management Strategy COM(96)399, ) Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 91/156/EEC) Specific Waste Streams Waste Treatment operations Landfill of waste (Dir. 99/31/EC) Waste oils (Dir 75/439/EEC) Sewage sludge (Dir. 86/278/EEC) Batteries (Dir. 91/157/EEC & 93/86/EEC ) Packaging (Dir. 94/62/EC ) PCBs (Dir. 96/59/EC ) Electric & Electronic Waste (2002/96/EC ) Directive on hazardous waste (Dir. 91/689/EEC) Regulation on shipment of waste (Reg. (EEC) 259/93) Framework legislation End of life vehicles (2000/53/EC) Incineration of waste (Dir. 2000/76/CE) Construction and Demolition Waste PVC Strategy Biodegradable Waste IPPC 96/61/EC

WASTE PRODUCTION NL

HOUSEHOLD PACKAGING IN France Source : ADEME

g:/aia/indicators/slides/the yir1999 presentation 6 ECO-EFFICIENCY AND MATERIAL FLOWS Ratio of tonnes of municipal waste per million ecu household expenditure Portugal Spain Greece Luxembourg Germany France Sweden Iceland The Netherlands Denmark Few countries have succeeded in reducing the amount of waste they generate

 Waste disposal as such is an old issue. Now, it is important to look at the eco- efficiency of producing, using, and recovering resources across their full life cycle.  How do we decouple the increase in quality of life from growth in waste generation  How do we make smarter use of materials and energy by using them more efficiently and reducing the environmental impacts NEW PARADIGM

 Legislation in place today deals with problems perceived yesterday  There is still unfinished business to deal with. BUT !!!

 Packaging  WEEE  ELV  Batteries PRODUCT SPECIFIC TREATMENT SPECIFIC Dir. Landfill  Dir. Incineration  IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE

 Progressive product bans from 2003  Progressive biowaste reduction from LANDFILL 99/31/EC  New plants 28/12/02  Existing plants28/12/05 INCINERATION 2000/76/EC

12 Member States – Packaging Waste PER MATERIAL - YEAR 2000 Material typeK/tonnes on the market % RecycledNew Targets Glass14, Paper25, Metals4, Plastics9, Wood*8, Total62, No figures for DK – LU – FIN - SW

CHASING TARGETS 100,000 tonnes ,908 60,911 79,842 Tonnes on the market F = 42.2 SP = 38.9 I = 38.4 UK = % 60,0% Possible Recycling targets 49.0% 52,0% Recycled tonnes 55,0% +39% EU average:

 By 2006 recovery of ELVs must be a minimum of 85 % by weight, 80 % through re-use and recycling.  By 2015 this increases to 95 % with a minimum of 85 % by re-use and recycling.  Over the next decade perhaps 1,500 new dismantling plants for ELVs will be built in Western Europe.  Dismantling will move from a spare-parts to a raw-materials business. END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE DIRECTIVE

 August 2004 : Deadline for Member States to implement directives into domestic law  August 2005 : Collection systems must be operational, treatment and financing systems in place and obligations enter into force  December 2006 : First collection and treatment targets to be attained WASTE ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT « DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN ! »

BATTERIES – PROPOSED NEW DIRECTIVE -Automotive + Industrial : landfill/incineration ban -Portables : collection targets & collection schemes -Min 80% threshold for Nicad Proposed measures - Minimum efficiencies:lead acid : 65% of weight Others : 55% Nicad : 75% + all cadmium Recycling targets -Visible fee for first 4 years Financing Timing -Time limit : 4 years

 For all the merits of producer responsibility, the Commission considers that there are limits to its application.  Not all waste streams are appropriate to be addressed in this way.  Addressing smaller waste streams may involve significant resources for a relatively limited environmental benefit.  This Thematic Strategy should make an important contribution to clarifying the applicability of producer responsibility in different circumstances. PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

1.Learn by doing 2.Test alternatives 3.Progress by phases 4.Monitor & Adjust USE TIME WISELY

COMPLIANCE SCHEME COSTS Fees in 2000 Excl. VAT *Model based on 1000 units each of glass, plastic, metal, cardboard and composite packaging

YOUR DON’T MANAGE….  Develop & agree your own data  Look forwards not backwards  Seek out trends  Build your own model

 Be flexible & pragmatic  Be cost conscious  Encourage competition  Avoid rigid hierarchies  Resist a « one size fits all » approach IT IS YOUR MONEY

METHODOLOGY NOT IDEOLOGY  ReusevRecyclingGermany  CansvbottlesDenmark  GoodvBadGermany

 Seek out & develop sustainable recycling targets  Encourage & support entrepreneurs in recovery operations  Materials recycling, organic recovery and energy-from-waste all contribute to reduce the environmental impact of waste  Stimulate demand, develop options across the EU DONT FORGET THE DEMAND SIDE

COMMUNICATE EARLY & OFTEN  Involve Stakeholders early  Sell the benefits of change  Explain the approach & methodology  Clarify their role  Use good science in support  Test for understanding & acceptance

 Move from prescriptive to strategic approach  Simplification, alignment, integration of policy  Harmonized programmes for environmental impact reduction  Increased use of sound science + economic analysis  Stronger focus on implementation  Major concern – « SUSTAINABILITY » SUMMARY - KEY TRENDS

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