WWI “The war to end all wars.”

Time Period 1914 to to 1918

War was fought in… France France It was the “WAR to END ALL WARS” It was the “WAR to END ALL WARS”

Causes: 1. Militarism- using money to build up your army 1. Militarism- using money to build up your army –Excess money from industrialization and imperialism were pumped into the military –Germany built up a navy

2. Alliances- countries began allying with each other. 2. Alliances- countries began allying with each other. Triple Alliance: Triple Alliance: –Germany –Austria-Hungary –Italy Triple Entente Triple Entente –France –England –Russia

3. Imperialism- expanding their country around the world

4. Nationalism-pride for their country, the feeling that their nation is superior 4. Nationalism-pride for their country, the feeling that their nation is superior

5. Balkans- the “powder keg of Europe” 5. Balkans- the “powder keg of Europe”

6. Serbia- 6. Serbia- –They were annexed by Austria-Hungary –They wanted independence and their own country –On June 28, 1914, A Serbian nationalist from the “Black Hand” assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand- heir to the throne

Eve of War Austrian Archduke comes to visit Sarajevo Austrian Archduke comes to visit Sarajevo June 28, he is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip (member of the Black Hand) June 28, he is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip (member of the Black Hand) All countries condemn the assassination All countries condemn the assassination Germany wants Austria to “get even” Germany wants Austria to “get even”

War breaks out Dates are given only for a timeline, you will not be asked them. July 28- Austria declares war on Serbia July 28- Austria declares war on Serbia July 29- Russia mobilizes (but they need 90 days) July 29- Russia mobilizes (but they need 90 days) Russia lines up on their Western border (Germany) Russia lines up on their Western border (Germany) Nicky tells Willy they aren’t going to attack Nicky tells Willy they aren’t going to attack Willy doesn’t believe Nicky Willy doesn’t believe Nicky

July 31- Germany is completely mobilized July 31- Germany is completely mobilized August 1- French mobilize August 1- French mobilize Germany declares war on Russia and France Germany declares war on Russia and France August 4- GB declares war on Germany August 4- GB declares war on Germany

WHY?? Germany- wants to start a war for nationalism and to show their power (and awesome new navy) Germany- wants to start a war for nationalism and to show their power (and awesome new navy) Serbia- want independence Serbia- want independence France- see a way to get social and political status back into their country France- see a way to get social and political status back into their country GB- mad about Germany's navy, having internal conflict and feel war will unite the people GB- mad about Germany's navy, having internal conflict and feel war will unite the people When war breaks out, everyone cheers! They are all elated because they all think they will win. When war breaks out, everyone cheers! They are all elated because they all think they will win.

Central Powers: Germany Germany Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Allied Powers Ireland Ireland Russia Russia Portugal Portugal Serbia Serbia Romania Romania Greece Greece Great Britain Great Britain Italy Italy France France Japan Japan U.S. (1917) U.S. (1917) Neutral Nations  Spain  Netherlands  Switzerland  Albania  Denmark  Sweden

Schlieffen Plan Germany had to fight a two front war Germany had to fight a two front war Plan was to invade France, defeat them in 6 weeks Plan was to invade France, defeat them in 6 weeks Then move troops to Russia Then move troops to Russia

Western Front

Battle of the Marne- Germans were defeated, ended the Schlieffen plan Battle of the Marne- Germans were defeated, ended the Schlieffen plan Russia was now fully mobilized Russia was now fully mobilized Germany had to split its army and fight a two front war Germany had to split its army and fight a two front war Stalemate- deadlock: no one winning or losing (on Western Front) Stalemate- deadlock: no one winning or losing (on Western Front)

Trench warfare- soldiers fought from trenches Trench warfare- soldiers fought from trenches Armies traded huge losses for small gains Armies traded huge losses for small gains “No man’s land”- space between trenches “No man’s land”- space between trenches One soldier wrote, “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud.” One soldier wrote, “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud.” Another wrote, “…the air was unbreathable. Our blinded, wounded, crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on top of us and died splashing us with blood. It was a living hell.” Another wrote, “…the air was unbreathable. Our blinded, wounded, crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on top of us and died splashing us with blood. It was a living hell.”

An aerial reconnaissance photograph of the opposing trenches and no-man's land between Loos and Hulluch in Artois, France, taken at 7.15 pm, 22 July German trenches are at the right and bottom, British trenches are at the top left. The vertical line to the left of centre indicates the course of a pre-war road or track.

Trench foot

Major Battles on the Western Front Battle of Verdun: 1916 Germany launched a massive attack against the French.Germany launched a massive attack against the French. 300,000 casualties on each side, Germany gained 4 miles (they later lost it)300,000 casualties on each side, Germany gained 4 miles (they later lost it) Battle of the Somme: 1916 British tried to relieve pressure on French British tried to relieve pressure on French 500,000 casualties on each side, British gained 5 miles 500,000 casualties on each side, British gained 5 miles

Eastern Front Battle of Tannenberg- Russia was heavily defeated by Germans; Russia never recovered Battle of Tannenberg- Russia was heavily defeated by Germans; Russia never recovered

Christmas Truce The truce began on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1914, when German troops began decorating the area around their trenches in the region of Ypres, Belgium, for Christmas. They began by placing candles on trees, then continued the celebration by singing Christmas carols, most notably Stille Nacht (Silent Night). The Scottish troops in the trenches across from them responded by singing English carols. The truce began on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1914, when German troops began decorating the area around their trenches in the region of Ypres, Belgium, for Christmas. They began by placing candles on trees, then continued the celebration by singing Christmas carols, most notably Stille Nacht (Silent Night). The Scottish troops in the trenches across from them responded by singing English carols.

The two sides continued by shouting Christmas greetings to each other. Soon thereafter, there were calls for visits across the "No Man's Land" where small gifts were exchanged — whisky, jam, cigars, and chocolate. The soldiers exchanged gifts, sometimes addresses, and drank together. The artillery in the region fell silent that night. The truce also allowed a breathing spell where recently-fallen soldiers could be brought back behind their lines by burial parties. Proper burials took place as soldiers from both sides mourned the dead together and paid their respects. The two sides continued by shouting Christmas greetings to each other. Soon thereafter, there were calls for visits across the "No Man's Land" where small gifts were exchanged — whisky, jam, cigars, and chocolate. The soldiers exchanged gifts, sometimes addresses, and drank together. The artillery in the region fell silent that night. The truce also allowed a breathing spell where recently-fallen soldiers could be brought back behind their lines by burial parties. Proper burials took place as soldiers from both sides mourned the dead together and paid their respects.

The truce spread to other areas of the lines, and there are many stories of football matches between the opposing forces. The truce spread to other areas of the lines, and there are many stories of football matches between the opposing forces. In many sectors, the truce lasted through Christmas night, but in some areas, it continued until New Year's Day. In many sectors, the truce lasted through Christmas night, but in some areas, it continued until New Year's Day. The truce occurred in spite of opposition at higher levels of the military. Earlier in the autumn, a call by Pope Benedict XV for an official truce between the warring governments had been ignored. The truce occurred in spite of opposition at higher levels of the military. Earlier in the autumn, a call by Pope Benedict XV for an official truce between the warring governments had been ignored.

New Weapons

Petrol Driven Engines Trucks, motorcycles Trucks, motorcycles

Air Zeppelin, airplanes Zeppelin, airplanes

Machine gun

Trench Warfare Barbed wire, mortars Barbed wire, mortars

Grenades

Tasks Today 1. You will have 20 minutes to finish the map. It needs colored AND labeled on both maps. Books are on the shelves. 2. Finish WWI Notes 3. Start on trench writing assessment.

Gas Mustard gas and chlorine gas- introduced by Germans Mustard gas and chlorine gas- introduced by Germans Country Total CasualtiesDeath Austria-Hungary100,0003,000 British Empire188,7068,109 France190,0008,000 Germany200,0009,000 Italy60,0004,627 Russia419,34056,000 USA72,8071,462 Others10,0001,000

Submarines German U-boats German U-boats

Tanks Tank Production Year UKFranceGermanyItalyUSA , ,3914,

Flamethrowers