NOrThWinD791 World History Period 5

Italian Traders Reach China  Niccolo and Maffeo Polo, brothers from Venice, Italy, went on a trading trip to the Crimea on the western edge of the Mongol Empire.  The Mongol leader made them his ambassadors, people who act as messengers.  Kublai Khan’s power stretched from the Yellow sea (in the east) to the Black Sea (in the west).

Tales of the East  The Polos stayed in China for about 16 years.  Marco Polo’s notes became a book called, The Travels of Marco Polo.  Marco Polo worked for Kublai Khan’s court and traveled to many parts of the Empire.

 Main Idea : Europeans began searching for direct trade routes to the East.

High Prices for Eastern Goods  European’s demand for many different spices from India and China were great.  Europeans used spices not to only season food but to preserve it.  Traders who brought spices and other goods from the East traveled through many lands before they reached Europe.

Dangerous Land Routes  In the late 1300s, the Mongol Empire began breaking apart.  New Muslim powers were rising in Asia Minor, the part of Asia closet to Europe.  The Ottoman Turks saw Christians as nonbelievers and waged a jihad, or holy war, against them.

 Main idea : An important goal of European explorers was to spread Christianity.

Missionaries Head East  Missionaries were traveling eastward to force the Mongols to accept the Christian faith.  Monks followed the caravan routes, trading ideas with people they met along the way.  Oderic of Pordenone was the first European to visit Tibet in China.

Voyages With Several Purposes  The explorer Vasco Da Gama stated that he was searching for “Christians and spices”.  Kings, queens, and others were motivated by religion, new trade routes and chances of finding gold.  Expeditions were also used to gather important information.

 Main Idea : Advances in technology helped make exploration possible.

Tools for Navigation  By the mid-1400s, Europeans traveled with two important tools, a magnetic compass and an astrolabe (a tool used to find a ship’s latitude or distance north or south).  When people sailed unknown and uncharted waters they used the stars to guide them in their navigation.  Portolan charts (navigational maps) helped a ship’s pilot figure out the course from one harbor to another.

Ships for Long Trips  European sailors used two kind of ships : a long one for fast travel and a round one that was stronger than the long one.  European explorers preferred a type of round ship known as a caravel.  A caravel could carry weapons along the sides and its triangular sails also allowed it to sail in the wind.

Period 5 World History DW

A. Exploration Under Henry the Navigator Main Idea A. Prince Henry the Navigator sent expeditions to explore the West African coast.

A. Exploration Under Henry the Navigator Sailing Study Center Around 1419 Prince Henry set up a center of studies of navigation at sagres at the southwestern coast of Portugal. Henry had a lot of reasons for supporting exploration. Although he was a very curious man. He was curious about the world, and navigation and shipbuilding was the most that fascinated him. Back then people at these schools developed the caravel. And improved tools for navigation.caravel

A. Exploration under Henry the Navigator Down the African Coast In 1434, Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes was sent to find a route to Africa. He sailed around cape bojador above cape vercle in western Africa, looking for valuable goods such as gold. Between 1455 and 1456, Alvise ca’da Mosto and Diogo Gomes found several cape Verde Islands, which are northwest of Gambia. Between 1450 and 1460, Henry focused mainly on trade with areas of Africa the Portuguese had reached.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean Main Idea After Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of africa, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to India.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean Bartolomeu Dias Rounds Africa In 1487, three Portuguese ships led by Bartolomeu Dias sailed down the west africa. As Dias went south, the weather turned bad. In the wind and rain, Dias rounded the tip of africa without knowing it. Dias’s journey proved that there was a sea route around Africa.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean Vasco da Gama Sails to India In 1497, Vasco da Gama set sail with 170 sailors and 4 ships. His goal was to reach Calicut, on the west coast of India. In the spring of 1498, da Gama crossed the India Ocean from East Africa in Calicut. In 1499, he returned with just 2 ships and 44 sailors in stead of 170 sailors and 4 ships.

C. Trading Empires Main Idea First, the Portuguese and then the English, Dutch, and French set up trading empires in the east.

C. Trading Empires The Portuguese Take Control By 1513, only 15 years after da Gama reached Calicut, the Portuguese had destroyed the Arabs’ hold on trade in the Indian Ocean. Over a period of about 40 years, they set up trading posts throughout the region, in places like Java, Timor, Sumatra, and Macao in China and Nagasaki in Japan. By this time Portugal now controlled the ocean traffic from Hormuz, in the Persian Gulf, east to Malacca, in Malaya.

C. Trading Empires Power Shifts in the East Its been 100 years since King John II of Portugal had brought new energy to the search for a sea route around Africa to the east In 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas. The next 60 years, the Dutch took control of one Portuguese territory or trading post after another.

Caravel any of several kinds of fast, small sailing ships, esp. one with a narrow, high poop and lateen sails, used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th cent.

Chapter 15 Exploration and Trade Section 3 China, Japan, & Foreign Trade White Girl (: World history Period 5

A. China and the Outside world During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China had limited contact with foreigners The military leader, Hong Wu founded the Ming Dynasty and ruled as emperor.

A. China and the Outside world The Ming Dynasty Rebuilds China – Mongol rule of china ended in 1368 Mongol – In the final years of the Mongol Empire, civil war broke out among the Chinese people. – After many years of fighting, Hong Wu captured Beijing from the Mongols and made himself emperor of china.

A. China and the Outside world Foreign Contacts Under the Ming – China expanded its power during the Ming Dynasty. – Mongolia, Korea, and Southeast Asia all became subject to emperor’s authority – The early Ming developed more contacts across the seas. – Yongle, the third Ming emperor, took unusual steps to encourage foreign contact.

A. China and the Outside world Expansion and Trade During the Qing Dynasty – The Ming Dynasty slowly lost its control of outlying regions in the 1500s. – By 1644, the Ming could no longer handle the troubles in China on their own – They turned to the people from Manchuria, called Manchus, for help

B. Japan Shuts a Door The Tokugawa rulers closed Japan to almost all foreigners for more then 200 years

B. Japan Shuts a Door Europeans Arrive in Japan – The 1500s were unsettled times in Japan – The daimyo, or warrior lords, were fighting a civil war – Their armies spread across the countryside to guard the lords’ farmland

B. Japan Shuts a Door The Tokugawas Send Foreigners Away – In 1603, the Tokugawa family came to power and ruled for more then 250 years – In the first years of rule, the Tokugawas worked to bring peace and set up a new government system – Tokugawa Ieyasu was the first Tokugawa shogun

Mongol The Mongol Empire was an empire from 13 th and 14 th century spanning from eastern Europe across Asia.