11 COSC 2810 Systems Analysis and Design ●Instructor: Quinn Shao ● ●Online course info: (Electronic Reserves and Course Materials)

22 What is System Analysis and Design? ●Step by step process developing high- quality information system. What is information system? ● Combination of 1. IT 2. People 3. data

33 Introduction ●Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. ●Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure Figure 1-1

44 The Impact of Information Technology ●Information Technology –Combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information –A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully

55 The Impact of Information Technology ●The Future of IT –Responsible for half of all productivity growth and a third of all economic growth between Figure 1-3

66 The Impact of Information Technology ●The Role of Systems Analysis and Design –Systems Analysis and Design Step-by-step process for developing high- quality information systems –Systems Analyst Plan, develop, and maintain information systems

77 Information System Components ●A System is a set of related components that produces specific results ●Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people Figure 1-6

88 Information System Components Figure 1-9

99 ●Hardware –Everything in the physical layer of the information system (server, workstation, network, computer, devices) –Moore’s Law accurately predicted that computer processing power would double every 18 to 24 months Information System Components

10 Information System Components ●Software –System software (OS, security SW) –Network operating system (NOS) –Application software (Word, Access, Spreadsheets) –Enterprise applications (order processing SW, Payroll sys.) –Horizontal system (can be adapted for use in many different companies, inventory sys. Payroll sys.) –Vertical system (special purpose sys.: web-based retailer, medical sys.) –Legacy systems: a new sys. Must be able to exchange data with older application)

11 Information System Components ●Data –The raw material that an information system transforms into useful information (database) Print a paycheck by linking different database tables Figure 1-11

12 Information System Components ●Processes –Describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results ●People –Users, or end users, are the people who interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company

13 The primary purpose of an information system is to provide valuable info to users. Success or failure of a system depends on whether user are satisfied with the sys’s output and operations. s uccessful info. depends on the skilled professionals like, sys. analyst, programmers, DBAs.

14 Understanding The Business IT professionals must understand a company’s business operations in order to design successful systems. (a retail store or a hotel chain has unique info sys. requirements) ●Business Profile –Overview of a company ( products, service through interview) ●Business Models –Graphical representation of one or more business processes Figure 1-12

15 Understanding The Business ●New Kinds of Companies ●Companies are classified based on their main activities: –Production-oriented (Intel, Motorola, Cisco) –Service-oriented (Oracle, Amazon.com, Office Depot) –Brick-and-mortar (traditional companies) –Dot-com (.com) Figure 1-14

16 Impact of the Internet ●E-Commerce (I-Commerce) - electronic commerce –Internet-based commerce ●B2C (Business-to-Consumer) –Consumers can go online to purchase a variety of products and services ●B2B (Business-to-Business) –Enables smaller suppliers to contact large customers and allows purchasers to obtain instant information about market prices and availability (Ford buy Firestone tires, builders buy lumber)

17 Types of information system ●Today, Systems are identified by its functions, rather than by users –Enterprise computing systems –Transaction processing systems –Business support systems –Knowledge management systems –User productivity systems

18 Types of information system ●Enterprise computing systems –Information systems that support company- wide operations and data management –To integrate a company’s primary functions (production, sales, services, inventory control, and accounting) Figure 1-17

19 Types of information system ●Transaction processing systems –Process data generated by day-to-day business operations: customer order processing, accounts receivable, warranty, claim processing Figure 1-18

20 Types of information system ●Business support systems –Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company (travel pattern of rental car on holiday weekend) –Use What-if analysis to increase profit. (add charge to bad weather delivery or overload delivery) Figure 1-19

21 Types of information system ●Knowledge management systems –Simulate human reasoning (strict logic and fuzzy logic) Figure 1-20

22 Types of information system ●User productivity systems –Technology that improves productivity: , voice mail, fax, video conference, internet to share data ●Information systems integration –Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features: Combination of different types of info system.

23 Information System Team Organization model Figure 1-21

24 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer- aided systems engineering (CASE )tools to plan, design, and implement information systems

25 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Modeling –A system analyst can describe and simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, and process models. –A business model describes the info that a sys must provide. –A data model describes data structure and design –An object model describes objects (combine data and processes) –A process model describes the logic a programmer uses to write modules.

26 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Prototyping –Early working version of an information system as an initial model to evaluate finished sys. –Speeds up the development process significantly –Can be an extremely valuable tool but can be made too early before IT issues are fully understood.

27 Systems Development Tools and Techniques ●Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools (Tool kit part 2) –CASE uses powerful software to help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems Microsoft Visio for drawing charts, diagrams. Figure 1-22

28 Systems Development Methods ●Structured Analysis –traditional systems development technique –Uses the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system. F1-25 shows a process that accepts input data from 2 sources and transforms it into output data. Figure 1-25

29 Systems Development Methods ●Object-oriented (O-O) analysis –combines data and the processes that act on the data into things called objects –Systems analysts use O-O to model real-world business processes and operations

30 Systems Development Methods ●Object-oriented (O-O) analysis Figure 1-26

31 Systems Development Methods ●Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development –JAD – Team based fact finding –RAD – compressed version of the entire process (More details about JAD and RAD in Chapter 3)

32 Systems Development Methods ●Other development methodologies –In addition to structured analysis and O-O methodologies, you might encounter other systems development techniques –Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) documents the experience of its own IT teams

33 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●SDLC used to plan and manage the systems development process. ●It includes the following steps: 1.Systems planning 2.Systems analysis 3.Systems design 4.Systems implementation 5.Systems operation and support

34 The Systems Development Life Cycle Figures 1-28 & 1-29

35 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems planning –Purpose is to identify the nature and scope of a problem. –Systems request – begins the process & describes problems or desired changes. –Systems planning includes preliminary investigation, which is a feasibility study that anticipates cost and benefit. Make recommendations on technical, economic, and time factors.

36 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems Analysis –Purpose is to build a logical model of the new system –First step is requirements modeling, where you investigate business processes and document what the new system must do. (through interview) –End product is the System requirements document.

37 The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ●Systems Design –Purpose is to create a blueprint that will satisfy all documented requirements –Identify all inputs, processes and outputs –Avoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement –End product (document) is system design specification

38 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems Implementation –New system is constructed –Implement, test, & install systems –File conversion occurs –Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate and support the system –System evaluation performed (if sys works properly) –Outcome of this phrase: system is ready for use

39 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems Operation and Support –IT staff maintains and enhances the system –Enhancements provide new features and benefits –Well-designed system will be reliable, maintainable, and scalable

40 The Systems Development Life Cycle ●Systems Development Guidelines –Stick to a plan, complete phases in sequence –Involve users, fully understand user’s requirements –Identify milestones for proceed or reject –Establish checkpoints to ensure project on schedule –Be flexible, sys development is a dynamic process –Provide accurate and reliable cost and benefit information

41 Information Technology Department ●The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s information systems. IT structure: Figure 1-30

42 Information Technology Department ●Application Development –Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members ●Systems Support –Provides hardware and software support ●User Support –Provides users with technical information, training, and productivity support

43 Information Technology Department ●Database Administration –Database design, management, security, backup, and user access ●Network Administration –Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security ●Web Support –Design and construction of web pages and presence. Important for e-commerce

44 The Systems Analyst Position ●A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems ●On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team. ●Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work

45 Chapter Summary ●IT is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications systems that support business ●The essential components of an information system are hardware, software, data, processes, and people ●Companies are production oriented, service oriented, or a combination of the two.

46 Chapter Summary ●Based on their function and features, information systems are identified Organization structure usually includes levels ●Systems analyst use modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools ●Various development methodologies exist, including structured analysis and object-oriented analysis

47 Chapter Summary ●The Systems Development Life Cycle 1.Systems planning 2.Systems analysis 3.Systems design 4.Systems implementation 5.Systems operation and support ●An IT department develops, maintains and operates a company’s information systems ●Systems analysts need a combination of technical and business knowledge, analytical ability, and communication Chapter 1 Complete