Dietary Supplements

Product, other than tobacco, intended to enhance the diet that contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, and/or other botanicals Found in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, gel tabs, extracts or liquids

Vitamins Consume well-balanced diet, do not need vitamin supplement Vitamins do not provide energy and do not build muscles; help release energy from carbs and fat people ingest Only disorders vitamins can cure are vitamin deficiencies

Minerals Well-balanced diet, do not need mineral supplement; excess can cause toxicity Do not provide energy

Herbal Supplements Plant matter, used in the form of powders, extracts, teas and/or tablets, believed to have therapeutic benefits Considered dietary supplement by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and therefore not regulated like traditional drugs

Herbal Supplements No standard for quality of product Not required to prove safety or effectiveness FDA can only remove herbal supplement after it has been proven to be unsafe

Performance Enhancers Ergogenic Aids-any agent that enhances energy utilization, including energy production and efficiency Most common are anabolic steroids

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic-androgenic steroids-man made substances related to male sex hormones that are used to build muscle and enhance masculine characteristics Available legally only by prescription to treat conditions that occur when the body produces abnormally low amounts of testosterone

Anabolic Steroids Side Effects-many are permanent Liver Tumors Cancer Jaundice (yellowing of skin) High blood pressure Kidney tumors Acne

Anabolic Steroids Gender Specific Male Infertility Baldness Breast development Increased risk of prostate cancer Female Facial hair Male-pattern baldness Change or loss of menstrual cycle Deepened voice

Anabolic Steroids Psychological Side Effects Aggression Depression Mood swings Paranoid jealousy Extreme irritability Delusions

Growth Hormone Ergogenic aid produced by the pituitary gland that works to increase conversion of amino acids to protein Allows fat to be used as energy source Side effects: heart disease, osteoporosis, death

Caffeine Acts as a stimulant and is believed to enhance endurance and improve reaction times High levels can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, headache, nervousness and dehydration

Creatine Monohydrate Amino acid, found naturally in skeletal muscle, that is stored for quick energy and is used as a supplement to increase skeletal muscle Creatine theoretically works by increasing energy production during exercise enabling athletes to sustain strenuous exercise for longer periods of time

Creatine Side effects: muscle cramping, dehydration, nausea and seizures May also affect kidney function

Ephedra Substance derived from a shrub-like plant; used as a stimulant to boost energy, enhance athletic performance and aid in weight loss Has potentially life threatening stimulant effects on the central nervous system and heart

Ephedra Works to suppress sweat mechanism while athlete is exercising which can cause a rapid rise in body temperature, leading to heat stroke Nervousness, insomnia, nausea, high blood pressure, seizures, heart attack, stroke, death