THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 18/19

1848 election Dem-Gen. Lewis Cass Whigs-Taylor (Fillmore as VP) Free Soil—Van Buren “free soil, free speech, free labor, free men”

KEY ISSUE--SLAVERY ABOLITION? Compare slaves to wage earners Free Soil party Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty—

3 Great Leaders Clay—”Great Pacificator” Calhoun-”Great Nullifier” Webster—Pro-Union til the end

William Seward NY Senator No concession on slavery “higher law than Constitution” Immorality of slavery New conscience of north

The problem of California 1849-gold rush Need a constitution & statehood Lawlessness abounds Southern worries California? New Mexico & Utah? Loss of slaves from Underground RR.

North vs. South North Doesn’t want secession South Controls Presidency, Senate, Supr. Ct Need a compromise Daniel Webster’s “Seventh of March Speech” Compromise at all costs

Compromise of 1850

NORTH California—free Abolish slave trade in Washington D.C. Disputed territory to New Mexico SOUTH Texas gets $10 mil from Fed. Gov’t New Mex & Utah use popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law Get to go to the North to take back runaways

PRESIDENT TAYLOR Dislikes Compromise But, dies in office Fillmore takes over Ok to Compromise of 1850 “Compromise Saves Union” Results of Compromise:

Election of 1852 √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 ELECTION Pierce-Dem Pro-Slavery Northerner Scott-Whigs Pro-Fugitive Slave Law Ends Whig Party

PIERCE AS PRESIDENT Expansionist 1-easy route to California—use Nicaragua William Walker Result: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Brit. 2-Japan Commodore Perry 1854 treaty for trade rights

PIERCE CONTINUED 3-Gadsen purchase 1852 Southern-New Mexico & Arizona Near Gila River $10 mill to Mexico Needed for transcontinental rr Cuba Ostend Manifesto  Cuba as the next slave state?

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 Use popular sovereignty Need territory organized to get Transcontinental RR built Act-proposed by Stephen Douglass Senator from ILL Benefits ILL—Chicago is Eastern port for RR Needs Southern voters to pass this Act Southerners want slavery here

Reaction to K-N Act Abolishes Missouri Compromise Republican Party develops Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free Soilers Know-Nothings Kansas Bleeds

“Bleeding Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

1856 Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig/Know Nothing

Election of 1856 Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857

The Problems in Kansas Territorial legislature elected 1 st -anti-slavery 2 nd pro-slavery Which territorial gov’t is the right one? NEED A COMPROMISE?? 2-Le Compton Constitution 1857 Vote for the Kansas Constitution with slavery or without slavery If no slavery, Kansas slave owners can keep slaves in Kansas  President Buchanon—agree!  Stephen Douglass-LeCompton is undemocratic

1857 Economic Panic Reasons 1-increased gold from Calif—inflation 2-increased speculation on land & RR 3-Crimean War in Europe—increases demand for grain—increase Supply Decreased price South—”Cotton is King”

Lincoln-Douglass Debates 1858 for Illinois Senate A House divided against itself, cannot stand~Abe Lincoln Freeport Doctrine~S. Douglass

John Ferry

Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglas Northern Democrat John Breckenridge Southern Democrat

Republican Platform No extension of slavery (free soilers) Protective Tariff (industrialists) Gov’t $ to build RR (NW) Internal improvements with Federal $ (W) Free homesteads for farmers No abridgement of rights for immigrants

Other 3 Candidates & their issues Douglass Pro-Popular Sov & anti-Fugitive Breckenridge Annex Cuba Pro-extension of slavery Bell Compromise Union needs to stay together

1860 Election—A nation coming apart!

Election Results