Organisms II

Phylum Anthropoda  Order Decapoda (Ten-Footed) Page 125  Ex: Shrimp, crabs, hermit crabs  Most commercialized group of animals used as food source  Suborder Anomora  Ex: Hermit Crab  Peculiarly shaped tails  Neither long of short  Very muscular  Distinctly shaped to coil in shell

Phylum Anthropoda Sub Order Macura – Long “tailed” –Abdomen extended outward {elongated} –Ex Shrimp, Lobster

Phylum Anthropoda  Suborder Brachyrea  Ex: Blue Crabs  True Crabs  Short “tailed”  Reduced and often folded under body  Order Stomatopoda (Mouth Footed) Page 126  Ex: Mantis Shrimp  Order Isopoda  Ex: Rolly pollys  Flatten top to bottom

Phylum Echinodermata Spiny Skin Radial Symmetry Water vascular system Ability to regenerate  Cl. Asteroidea  Ex: Starfish and sea stars  Can have 5,6,7 40 arms (rays)  Some species, such as the Sun Star (40 arms) destroy coral reefs

Phylum Echinodermata  Water Vascular System  Path of water Sieve plate (Water Enters) Stone Canal Ring Canal Radial Canal Tube Feet  Cl. Ophiuridea  Ex: Brittle Stars and Basket Stars  Serpent-like tail  Jointed arms  One opening for anus and mouth

Phylum Echinodermata  Cl. Echinoidea  Ex: Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars  Mouth parts are unique feeding structures called Aristotle's Lantern  Cl. Holothuroidea  Ex: Sea Cucumbers  Most have crown of tentacles around mouth  When threatened will ball up or eviscerate (throw up) its stomach to avoid predator  Considered delicacy in some parts of the world

Phylum Echinodermata  Cl. Crinoidea  Ex: Sea Lilies  Commonly called Sea feather or Feather star  Starfish on a stick

Phylum Bryozoans Ex: Sea Moss

Phylum Hemichordates Missing link Same basic developmental characteristics as chordates 90 Species, most Acorn Worms

Phylum Chordata Have a nerve cord Have gill slits (pharyngeal) Notochord –Backbone  Subphylum Urochordata Tunicates  Cl. Ascidiacea  Ex: Sea squirts  Filter feeders  Tadpole larvae

Phylum Chordata  Cl. Thaliacea  Ex: Sea squirts  Cl. Larvacea Page 308  Subphylum Cephalochordata  Ex: Lancelets and Amphioxus  Lacks backbone  Has all 3 characteristics

Phylum Chordata  Subphylum Vertebrata Chordates with backbone that enclose a nerve cord or spinal cord Also show bilateral symmetry  Cl. Agnatha  Jawless fish  Ex: Hag fish, lamprey  Cl. Chondrichthyes  Ex: Sharks, rays  Skeleton made from cartilage

Phylum Chordata  Cl. Osteichthyes  Bony fish  Skeleton of bone  Largest group of living vertebrates

Movement produced by myomeres Fish and Shark Digestion System –Food path: Esophagus Stomach, Typically a curved J shape Intestine (Pyloric caecae) –Sharks have spiral valve to increase digestion Circulatory System –2 Chambered heart Atrium or Auricle Ventricle

Fish Coloration –Use color for camo –Color is produced by special skin cells called chromatophores –May also have structural color, which is reflective of some colors

Fish Coloration –Color can be used for Warning or advertisement Cryptic color –Blends with in with the enviroment Disruptive coloration –Breaks up outline of fish –Harder for predators to see Counter shading –Dark top, light bottom

Locomotion Reasons for locomotion –Obtain food –Escape –Find mate Rhythmic side to side of body or tail

Forms Triangular Ex: Trunkfish Flat Fish (Side to side) Ex: Spade Round Ex: Porcupine Flat Fish (Rotated) Ex: Sun Fish, Flounder Flat Fish (Top to Bottom) Ex: Seamoth, Skate Elongated (Stretched) Ex: Pin fish Eel like Ex: Eel Elongated (Top to Bottom) Ex: Seahorse

Jaws Anterior- Small mouth Ex: Parrot Fish Anterior-Ventral- Bottom dweller Ex: Catfish Dorsal- Filter feeder Ex: Herring Forward- Ex: Shark Spike tooth- Ex: marlins