What is Matter? (Part 1 – Glencoe chapter 18-1)

I. Chemistry The study of matter and how it changes Differences in material properties relate to what the materials are made of

A. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Examples of matter  wood, water, air, you

A. Matter Examples NOT matter  electricity, sound, light -NO volume (takes no space), -NO mass

A. Matter 1. Element – substance that cannot be broken down into simpler parts and retain properties

A. Matter 2. Atom – smallest unit of an element

A. Matter 3. Compound – substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together  contains unique properties from components Sodium Metal + Chlorine gas = Sodium Chloride

A. Matter 4. Molecule – smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance  can be 1 or more elements MethaneOxygen gas

A. Matter 5. Chemical formula – chemical symbols and number of atoms of each type of element found in a substance Example: H 2 O -- water  subscript = number of atoms of an element  2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

B. Pure substance or mixture 1. Pure substance – matter with a fixed composition and definite properties  Cannot be broken down physically Examples: Elements and compounds

B. Pure substance or mixture 2. Mixture – combination of more than one pure substance Examples: Air, foods, drinks - Mixtures can be separated

B. Pure substance or mixture a. Heterogeneous mixture – not uniform throughout b. Homogeneous mixture – uniform throughout

B. Pure substance or mixture c. Miscible – able to dissolve in each other d. Immiscible – not able to dissolve in each other

B. Pure substance or mixture 3. Many types of mixtures (examples) a. Gas – liquid mixture  soda pop b. Gas – gas mixture  air c. Solid – solid mixture  steel

B. Pure substance or mixture 4. A homogenous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly (same throughout) mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope is called a solution. Example: sugar water

B. Pure substance or mixture 5. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose particles are not heavy enough to settle to the bottom. Example: milk

B. Pure substance or mixture 6. The scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid is called the Tyndall effect. Example: fog

B. Pure substance or mixture 7. A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle is called a suspension. Examples: Italian dressing Muddy water