Clean Energy solutions Accelerating Renewable Energy Deployment Dr Thembakazi Mali (Senior Manager)

Drivers for use of Renewable Energy Overwhelming scientific climate change evidence Fossil fuels a finite resource Ever increasing oil price (energy security) Aging electricity infrastructure Significant technological advances enabling commercialisation of clean energy technologies (Ren 21, GSR 2010)

A case for Renewables SA among highest emitters of carbon dioxide in the world: More than 75% of primary energy requirement from fossil fuels SA ranked 12th in the world (emitters per capita) Urgent need: Reduce fossil fuel dependency Reduce carbon footprint Diversify energy mix and supply Possible solution Renewable Energy (resources abundant, sustainable, can be quickly implemented, offer work opportunities and have a much lower impact on the environment)

Total Energy Supply

SANEDI involvement in project life cycle Concept Pre- Feasibility Feasibility Detailed Design Pilot / Demo Commercial SANEDI-Funded SANEDI /PS SOE / PS

Renewable Energy Sources Biomass Solar Wind Ocean Natural resources Naturally replenished

Renewable Energy Technologies Characteristics Sustainable Lower environmental impact Short lead times, can be implemented rapidly in models Support distributed generation Offer job/work opportunities Resources are geographically dispersed

Renewable Energy Technologies Job Creation Potential RE and green industries create more jobs per unit investment/capacity/production than non-renewable alternatives. Land-based renewable industries (e.g. land restoration or conservation) create largest number of jobs. Estimates of SA job creation based mainly on solar and wind power potential industry If SA has share of global renewable energy jobs equal to share of global GDP/population (0.7%), then 16 000 jobs in the sector today Consistent with 20 000 jobs targeted by Renewable Energy White Paper for 2013 But, only 4% of target was met by 2009 Benchmarking against leading RE market countries and correcting for population/GDP, SA could have had 4 000 - 155 000 RE jobs (UNEP/ILO)

Solar Resource, World http://www.altestore.com/howto/Solar-Electric-Power/Reference-Materials/Solar-Insolation-Map-World/a43/

Solar Resource, South Africa http://www.solar-focus.co.za/includes/thumpimage.php?pid=18&action=contpic&nwidth=500

Wind Resource, World http://www.matternetwork.com/2008/12/hi-res-map-make-wind.cfm

Wind Resource, South Africa http://www.crses.sun.ac.za/technologies-wind.php

Renewable biomass available, World 2% equivalent to400 million liters/annum Adapted from data found in: Karekezi S., Lata K. and Teixeira S. (2004). Traditional Biomass Energy: Improving its use and moving to modern energy use, International Conference for Renewable Energies, Bonn

Renewable biomass available, South Africa 2% equivalent to400 million liters/annum Lynd et al. 2003. Plant Biomass Conversion to Fuels and Commodity Chemicals in South Africa: A Third Chapter? South African Journal of Science 99: 499 – 507.

Wave Resource, World

Wave Resource, South Africa

Renewable Energy Resources SA has a reasonable wind energy resource, geographically dispersed allowing for security of supply SA has a world-class wave energy resource, predominantly along the south and west coasts SA has one of the best solar regimes in the world - most abundant renewable resource in the country SA biomass and hydro energy resources are restricted due to limited water Energy from waste more readily available and exploitable.

Renewable Energy Technology/Industry Wind energy is a mature technology: can be rolled out immediately in SA has the potential to establish a local industry for tower and blade manufacturing in the short to medium term Concentrated solar power (CSP): most promising medium to long term technology for application in SA significant advantages including the possibility of establishing a manufacturing industry. Photovoltaic (PV) systems: short to medium term different scales, but large-scale local manufacture of PV cells and modules will be challenging. Wave energy convertors: still not commercially viable but may have some role in SA in the medium to long term.

Centres of Research and Demo (CORDs) RE Research and Demo Centre EE Research and Demo Centre Green Transport Research and Demo Centre CCS Research and Demo Centre Centre for Energy Systems Analysis & Research (CESAR) Advanced Materials Research and Demo Centre SANEDI Coordination/Management

Co-ordinate RE research in SA Facilitate RE research collaboration Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Demonstration (RECORD) Core Activities Co-ordinate RE research in SA Facilitate RE research collaboration Participation: standards development & technology evaluation Contribute to RE skills development Support RE business development RE awareness creation 20

RECORD’s Service offer to Stakeholders 6. RECORD will support the role of SABS and SANAS 1. RECORD will operate along the Research value chain from concept to commercialisation 1. Product Development towards commercialis-ation 6. Standards development RECORD Service Catalogue 2. Education 2. RECORD will provide training to various learner groups to increase awareness, knowledge and skills with regards to renewable energy 5. RECORD will assist the SABS in the certification and assessment of renewable energy technologies 5.Technology Evaluation 3. Contract Research 4. Advisory 4. RECORD will provide advice to entrepreneurs; inventors; SMME’s and other larger industry players 3. RECORD will initiate and manage new research projects which are commissioned by paying customers

CES milestones WASA – collaborative project (2009 - 2012) Establishment of RECORD CPV Demo (2011 – 2015) Demo Projects (2011 – 15) Testing & development of 2nd Gen Biofuels with DST (Ongoing discussions to evaluate) Waste to Energy using COMPS’ FT process Housing Project (Renewable Energy integrated) Solar Roadmap (collaboration with TIA, GIZ and IEA; R&D gap analysis)

In partnership with NREL & other institutions (SAWS, DST, Eskom) Support to Solar Park Test Facility Outdoor test beds to characterise the performance and reliability of solar systems Indoor testing (environmental, accelerated testing, module characterisation) Met station (to collect high-quality solar resource and surface meteorological data) R&D – demo (localisation) development of new designs and manufacturing processes for solar components Training – technicians, graduates, post graduates and artisans (welders, electricians, installers, operators) In partnership with NREL & other institutions (SAWS, DST, Eskom)

Collaborators National Collaborations: Universities, CSIR, SAWS, Eskom, Risoe, DST Donors: Royal Danish Embassy, Norwegian Embassy, GIZ, Finnish Embassy Government Departments: DOE, DST, DEA International Collaborations: REEEP, IEA IA, EU- South Africa Bilateral (FP 7) Membership/Participation and information disseminated to relevant stakeholders – could benefit energy research considerably Access to findings and influence over research direction would make available to South Africa detailed and applicable research at a lower cost than undertaking such research alone.

Thank you