Key performance indicators (KPIs) and objectives of retrofit projects MED/EU Synergies Conference REPUBLIC-MED 2 nd Open Day Dr. G.M. Stavrakakis

School building Buildings: Target groups -Teachers’ productivity -Students’ performance -Comfort and Air quality -Efficient and affordable energy retrofit and management -Students’ performance -Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) -Comfort and IAQ

Office building Buildings: Target groups -Workers’ productivity -High quality services -Comfort and Air quality -Efficient and affordable energy retrofit and management -Energy-related cost savings -Comfort and IAQ -High-quality service

Buildings: Key Performance Indicators …AND comfort and IAQ indicators

Buildings: Desired levels of KPIs for major retrofits

Greek case: Law 4122/2013 (Greek “typical” harmonization with 2010/31/EC) Target value of Energy class: “B” …As long as it is techno-economically feasible. Based on TOTEE 2010 national directive REPUBLIC-MED: Definition of “B” class based on the national calculation tool KENAK

Buildings: Desired levels of KPIs towards NZEB Greek case: Law 4122/2013 (Greek “typical” harmonization with 2010/31/EC) Barriers  No definition of NZEB levels  244/2012 to estimate cost-optimal minimum requirements not yet applied NZEB: Highly energy-efficient building. The nearly zero or very low energy demand should be covered in a high amount by Renewable Energy Sources (RES), produced on-site or nearby. REPUBLIC-MED: Definition of NZEB based on previous experience (literature review in progress)

Open spaces: Target groups “Reduce my house cooling loads” “It’s too hot in summer” “It’s very cold here in winters” “I need fresh air”

Open spaces: Urban Heat Island “The Urban Heat Island is the most obvious climatic manifestation of urbanization” Landsberg, 1981 Causes:  Trapping of short and long-wave radiation in areas between buildings  Decreased long-wave radiative heat loss due to reduced sky-view factors  Increased storage of sensible heat in the construction materials  Anthropogenic heat released from fuel combustion  Reduced potential for evapotranspiration  Reduced convective heat removal due to the reduction of wind speed Urban Heat Island Effect

 Ts: Spatially mean value of air temperature in noon of a representative summer day (normally the hottest day) of the year at 1.80 m from the ground.  UHI Intensity: Difference between Ts and temperature of nearby rural environment in the same summer hour.  TCIs: Spatially mean value of a thermal Comfort Index, e.g. PMV, PET, UTCI, in the same summer hour, at 1.80m from the ground.  Tw: Spatially mean value of air temperature in a typical winter day of the year at 1.80m from the ground.  TCIw: Spatially mean value of the thermal comfort index, in the same winter hour, at 1.80m from the ground.  WS: Spatial mean value of wind speed at both winter and summer at 1.80m from the ground. Open spaces: Key performance indicators

Formulated and operating space Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs KPIDesired changeGoal of retrofitDescription UHI intensityMinimizationMinimize UHI intensity TsMinimizationMinimize, ideally Ts_before-Ts_after>1.5C TCIsReduce by 15%Improve thermal comfort levels by at least 15% TwAt least no change Increase or at least not reduce winter temperature TCIwAt least no change Improve or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort WSIt dependsRetain wind speed below 5m/s Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Semi-formulated and green space Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs KPIDesired changeGoal of retrofitDescription UHI intensityMinimizationMinimize UHI intensity TsMinimizationMinimize summer temperature TCIsReduceImprove thermal comfort levels TwAt least no change Increase or at least not reduce winter temperature TCIwAt least no change Improve or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort WSIt dependsRetain wind speed below 5m/s Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Unformulated green space Open spaces: Desired levels of KPIs KPIDesired changeGoal of retrofitDescription UHI intensityMinimize if existsMinimize UHI intensity if exists TsReduce or at least no change The project should not cause increased summer temperature TCIsReduce or at least no change The project should not cause discomfort of visitors TwAt least no changeIncrease or at least not reduce winter temperature TCIwAt least no changeImprove or at least not deteriorate winter thermal comfort WSIt dependsRetain wind speed below 5m/s Depending on whether the space is windy or not, ensure wind speed below discomfort levels throughout the domain

Open spaces: Call for tenders example KPIGoal of retrofitAward/evaluation criteria UHI intensityMinimization1.Simulation methodology (give advantage to those who account for most critical physical phenomena) 2.Validation (give advantage to those who validate models with measurements) 3.Use a cost/benefit ranking indicator, e.g. DTs/Investment. 4.Promote monitoring procedures proposed at the commissioning stage. TsMinimization TCIsReduce TwAt least no change TCIwAt least no change WSRetain wind speed below 5m/s

ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΠΟΛΥ Project technical coordinator Dr. George M. Stavrakakis Chemical Engineer, PhD, MSc Division of Development Programmes Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES) address: Postal address: 19th km, Marathonos Av., GR-19009, Pikermi, Attiki, Tel.: Fax: