3 Types of Muscle Tissue Properties of Muscle Tissue Contractility

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Presentation transcript:

3 Types of Muscle Tissue Properties of Muscle Tissue Contractility Skeletal – attached to bone Excitability Cardiac – the heart Extensibility Elasticity Smooth – internal organs blood vessels

Functions of Skeletal Muscle Movement of Body Protection Heat Production Controls Entrances and Exits to Body

Micro-Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Muscle cell = muscle fiber Fascicle = bundle of muscle fibers Whole muscle = bundle of fascicles

Connective Tissue of Skeletal Muscle Endomysium => covers a muscle fiber Perimysium => covers fascicles Epimysium => covers whole muscle

Naming of Skeletal Muscle Size Maximus Minimus Major Minor Longus Brevis Shape Deltoid (triangle) Teres (round, cylinrical) Trapezius (trapezoidal) Rhomboideus (rhomboidal)

Location Relative Position Action Abdominis Femoris Brachii Capitis Pectoralis Intercostal Digitorum Relative Position Lateral Medial Internal External Superficialis Profundis Action Abductor Adductor Flexor Extensor Pronator Supinator Levetor Depressor

Number of Heads Orientation of Muscle Origin and Insertion Biceps Triceps Quadriceps Orientation of Muscle Rectus Transversus Oblique Origin and Insertion sternocleidomastoid coracobrachialis Brachioradialis

Classification by Orientation of Fascicles 1) Circular: - e.g. orbicularis oris 2) Parallel: a) Strap-like: - e.g. sartorius, rectus abdominis b) Fusiform (Spindle-shaped): e.g. biceps brachii 3) Convergent: - e.g. pectoralis major

4) Pennate Muscles: a) Unipennate: b) Bipennate: c) Multipennate: - e.g. extensor digitorum b) Bipennate: - e.g. rectus femoris c) Multipennate: - e.g. deltoid

Levers are rigid structures that move on a fixed point, called a fulcrum (F). The role of levers is to Confer Advantage. In the body: Bones act as levers. Joints act as the fulcrum.

Also in the body: The Effort arm (E) is powered by muscular contraction. The Resistance (R) is the weight of the body part being moved. Each Lever System needs a: Fulcrum, Effort arm and Resistance.

A Lever System can: But never both! Increase the force applied to the movement. OR Increase speed or distance of body part moved. But never both!

1st Class Lever: EFR Effort Arm E

2nd Class Lever: FRE E

3rd Class Lever: FER E

The Neuromuscular Junction

Motor Unit Recruitment

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