Key Criteria/Principles in selecting indicators Follow-up consultation on TFI Recommendations on Communication for EPI/Polio Dakar - Senegal, 05 and 07 April, 2008

Purpose To help identify programme strengths and weaknesses To show trends over time

Principles Should be done in conjunction with other EPI monitoring Integrate key agreed communication indicators to existing immunisation monitoring forms at all levels Many other indicators specific to communication are tracked by communication specialists Existence of a plan Plan has clear objectives Should define universe and denominator (for comparison). Indicator expressed as part of the universe

Principles (2) Baseline needed The usefulness of monitoring data is to show trends over time. Taking measures only once is not useful at all because there is no point of comparison.

Types of Indicators to Track INPUT: measure the quantity, quality and timeliness of resources provided/available for a project or programme e.g. funding; human resources; equipment; materials; or organizational capacity. OUTPUT: measure activity implementation or immediate results. Tracking these indicators should be specific to what communication activities were planned.

Types of Indicators to Track (2) OUTCOME: measure results of communication activities eg behaviour change of caretakers and family, knowledge of caretakers, etc. IMPACT: measure achievement of programme objectives. Communications contribution can only be inferred because many other factors influence programme impact.

INPUTS Staff Funds Facilities Supplies Other Resources OUTPUTS Immediate effects: # staff trained # community meetings organized changes in knowledge and skills # IEC materials produced OUTCOMES Short term effects: Behavior change Attitude change Policy change Increased community contributions to programme IMPACT Longer term changes in: EPI coverage Polio incidence Social norms Child health EVALUATION (impact evaluation) MONITORING (process evaluation)

Impact Indicator Outcome Indicator Output Indicator Input Indicator Example - Briefing Religious Leaders # of households who accept polio vaccination in their home # of religious leaders who incorporated messages in x% of their sermons/No briefed # of religious leaders briefed/No in district # of religious leaders willing to cooperate/ No briefed

Impact Indicator Outcome Indicators Output Indicators Input Indicators Example - IPC Training for HWs # of mothers who bring their child to the immunization session on time -# of trained health workers who tell at least 80% of mothers when to return; -mothers knowledge after IPC # of courses held; # of health workers trained; knowledge and skills acquired from training -funding for training in place; -trainers available