Readings: Smith, et al., , , , –NOTE FULL VERSION IS ON TITANIUM- PROPRIETARY SLIDES REMOVED FROM THIS GROUP

Versailles Treaty  Really five separate treaties but can think of them as Versailles Treaty  Two approaches:  Woodrow Wilson  Georges Clemenceau (French Premier)

Woodrow Wilson’s Approach  Fourteen Points  Guide to future peace  Open covenants of peace; openly arrived at  “National Self- Determination”  League of Nations  “The Peace to End All War”

Georges Clemenceau’s Approach  Punish Germany  Blamed Germany for the war  Disarm Germany  Demilitarize the Rhineland  Create buffer states in Eastern Europe  Make Germany pay for the war (“war reparations”)

Results of the Versailles Conference  Wilson got the League of Nations (but neither Germany nor USSR were in it)—US Senate vetoed entire Versailles Treaty.  Punish Germany:  Germany blamed for war  No Army  Alsace-Lorraine to France  Rhineland demilitarized  No Armaments Industry  Germany pays for War and Reparations (5 billion +)

National Self-Determination  Eastern Europe  Austria-Hungary is dismantled  Austria becomes small country  Czechoslovakia  Yugoslavia  Poland  Treaty of Trianon  Hungary becomes a very small state, losing much territory and a majority of the Hungarians  Romania (including large populations of Hungarians)

Prize: Ottoman Empire

England, France, Russia and Other Powers Seek Gains in Middle East

Gallipoli

Armenian Genocide

The Husayn-McMahon Agreement, 1915

Middle East After Settlements  British Role:  Arab Revolts (Lawrence of Arabia)  Balfour Declaration  French Role:  Got Involved in Palestinian struggles to prevent British from getting all Middle East as new colonies

The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916

Treaty of Sevres, August 10, 1920  Mandates (another name for colonies to please President Wilson)  Jordon—mandate to British  Palestine—to British  Syria and Lebanon— French  Hijaz (Arab) independent

Attaturk and Turkish Nationalism

The Palestine Mandate

Poster Urging Jews to Settle in Palestine

Exodus

UN Partition Plan of 1947

David Ben Gurion Announcing the Birth of Israel

Young Israelis

Palestine Refugee Camp, 1948

Palestinian Woman Watches as Her Home is Demolished

Syria and Iraq Problems Actual Below

Map of Present Day Iraq

Ethnic and Religious Makeup of Iraq

Kuwait, 1991 Burning oil fields, set ablaze by retreating Iraqis, provide an eerie backdrop to motorized U.S. troops participating in Operation Desert Storm, the high point of the Bush, Sr’s, presidency.

The Sanctions Period ( )

Colin Powell and WMD In February 2003 U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell went before the UN General Assembly to convince the international community that Saddam Hussein was concealing chemical and biological weapons, and to request the approval of the Security Council to commence military action against Iraq. Here he holds up a vial of anthrax, a life threatening infectious disease reputed to be in the terrorist arsenal.

Consequences of “Peace to End All War”  World War II  Arab-Israeli Conflict  Iraq-Iran War  Persian Gulf War  Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbian crisis  Al Queda – 9/11  Iraq War

Other Consequences  Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam War  May 4 th Movement – Chinese Communism