Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations. Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain … –The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects on western Europe. –The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in Medieval times. –The Kingdom of Charlemagne –The Feudalism & Manorial Systems –The Cause and Effect of the Crusades

Fall of the Roman Empire: Visigoths, influenced by Roman law, Christianity Attacked by Huns under Attila in 5 th c. CE Massive migration of Germanic peoples into Roman Empire AlaricThe Visigoth Alaric sacked Rome in 410 CE

Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman Empire, CE

 Businesses and trade collapsed  People were unwilling to trade with strangers  Money was scarce  Cities were abandoned

Age of Charlemagne Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

What are the ‘Middle Ages’? The time after the Roman Empire declined Medieval Europe was fragmented after the Germanic Tribes took over

Roman Political System  Structured government  Citizenship and loyal to public government and written laws  Cities were the centers for government and trade  People followed the rule of kings and emperors Middle Ages Government  Unstructured, family loyalties  Governed by unwritten rules and traditions  Germanic groups pledged loyal to chiefs that had warriors to protect them  Lived in small communities

Germanic Customs Germanic invaders could not read or write so learning declined Germanic tribes did have a rich oral tradition of songs and legends but NO WRITTEN language No common language since Latin began to change from region to region

 The Germanic rulers were illiterate so the literacy rate dramatically fell  Greek and Roman works were lost  Latin was no longer an understood language  The Catholic Church did survive and provided some order and security in a time of chaos

Christianity Germanic tribes adopted Christianity Monasteries – communities of nuns and monks who were servants of God –They were Europe’s best educated –They opened schools

Christianity –Maintained libraries –Copied important books: this preserved Greco- Roman cultural achievements

Monastery of the Cross

Saint George Monastery

Gregory the Great Missionaries carried Christianity and the Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes Gregory the Great = Pope who expanded the pope’s power to be involved in politics. –He used church revenues (money) to: Raise armies Repair Roads Help the Poor

The Carolingian Dynasty Charles Martel – Expanded Frankish power and became more powerful than the king His son Pepin the Short was anointed by the Pope as king by the grace of God This began what is known as the reign of the Carolingian Dynasty = time of Frankish rulers

Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations. Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain … –The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects on western Europe. –The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in Medieval times. –The Kingdom of Charlemagne –The Feudalism & Manorial Systems –The Cause and Effect of the Crusades

Charles the Great He was 6ft 4inches = taller than many in Europe AKA Charlemagne Becomes king of the Francs Quickly controlled the entire kingdom of the Francs Spread Christianity and reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire

Age of Charlemagne He regularly visited every part of his kingdom Limited the power of the nobles Encouraged learning which revived Roman Culture The Pope crowned him Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire After he died his united kingdom fell apart

MORE INVASIONS! From 800 to 1000 the Magyar warriors terrorized Germany and Italy From the north, the Vikings attacked Vikings attacked with quick speed. –They beached their ships, attacked, then shoved out to sea again Leif Ericson –They were also traders and explorers (Leif Ericson) –Impressive warships

Answer the following warm-up questions from your book using pages : –Where did the Vikings come from? –Quickly explain how the Vikings attacks would be carried out. –Describe the brilliant technology that the Vikings had with the ship building? What were the effects of this technology? The Vikings

The need for protection cause the birth of feudalism –During the high point of the invasions a new form of government was developed with a focus on the following characteristics: Local government Local protection Local self-sufficiency Need for protection forms a new political system

The Middle Ages Feudalism

Feudalism Rises A system of landholding and governing It was based on an exchange of protection for other services

Feudal Pyramid

lords Feudal System Lords give knights/vassals land (fief) in exchange for the knights’ promise to defend the lord and his land

Feudal Society Rigid (strict) class structure Fief Land given to a Vassal from a Lord Vassal The person receiving the fief Serf Peasants who work the land

Manors The manor is the lord’s estate The manoral system is an economic arrangement that is self- sufficient

Manors Lord provides housing, strips of farmland, and protection from bandits In return, serfs tend the lands, cared for his animals, and maintained the estate/manor

Life on the Manor Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from the manor Generally families lived in the village on a manor Everything needed such as food, clothes, fuel, lumber and leather goods were produced on the manor Only outside purchases were salt, iron and unusual objects

Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations. Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain … –The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects on western Europe. –The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in Medieval times. –The Kingdom of Charlemagne –The Feudalism & Manorial Systems –The Cause and Effect of the Crusades

Problems with Feudalism Possible to have allegiances to more than one person No strong central government –King must ask his lords for knights in time of war –King must ask his lords for money to pay for things –Lords hold most of the power Lords constantly fighting among themselves.

How to Gain / Stay in Power GET More LAND!! More land = more crops = more $ How to Get More Land? Conquer it Medieval times saw constant fighting Marry into it Make Alliances It helps to have friends Marry off your daughter to secure an alliance

The Norman Conquest In 1066, England was invaded by Normans (Vikings from modern-day France) The Battle of Hastings –Harold, King of England killed –William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) takes over.

William of Normandy helped make England what it is today and codified feudalism (gave it the force of law).

French was spoken in the English court for the next 200 years William I creates Domesday Book for purposes of fair tax collection.William I –Great resource for modern historians to learn about Medieval life) Norman ship William of Normandy

The Crusades! Christian Holy War Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

The Invaders In 1093, Byzantine Emperor named Alexius Comnenus ask for help against invaders –THE INVADERS: The Muslim Turks aka Ottoman Turks The Muslim Turks were trying to take over the Byzantine capital of CONSTANTINOPLE

Pope Urban II Pope Urban II read the letter asking for help and called for a “holy war” or CRUSADE He said those who fought and died in the Crusades would be promised a spot in Heaven with all sins forgiven He was also looking to calm the issues with sedentary Knights of Europe.

THE GOAL The goal of these Christian soldiers were to recover –1. Jerusalem and –2. Holy Land They wanted it back from the Muslim Turks

Crusader Spirit There were economic and religious motives for the Crusades –Kings and the Church: A way to get rid of knights who always fought each other and threatened the peace of the kingdom –Younger Sons: A way to gain land and position in society since the oldest son gets everything –Knights and Commoners: fired by religious zeal (passion)

First Crusade Unprepared troops No strategy Captured Jerusalem Carved in up into 4 Crusader states

Second Crusade Muslim leader Saladin takes control of Jerusalem Muslim Turks re- conquer the city Saladin is described to be honest and brave

Third Crusade Richard the Lion Heart = English King and two other leaders recapture Jerusalem He and Saladin respected each other and signed a peace treaty that lasted only a short while…

The Magna Carta English King John, Brother of Richard I and grandson of William the Conqueror, was a bad king so his nobles forced him to sign it Limited powers of king. Signed in 1215 Example of Rule of Law

Magna Carta No royal official shall take goods from any man without immediate payment. No free man shall be imprisoned except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land. In future no official shall place a man on trial without producing credible witnesses. Courts shall be held in a fixed place at a fixed time. The barons shall elect a House of Lords for the creation of laws. The English church shall be free. For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence. Due Process of Law

In the End The Christians are finally pushed out of Jerusalem Muslim Turks are the victors and take over the Byzantine in 1453

Effects of the Crusades Negatives: –Weakened the Byzantine Empire, the Pope and nobles –Kings become stronger –Leaves a legacy of bitterness between the Christians, Jews and the Muslims Positives: –Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East –Europe learns much from the Muslims

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