Chapter 4 Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Effects of the Eruption of Mount Pinatubo Figure 4.1

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Wind Essentials   Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere   Atmospheric Patterns of Motion   Oceanic Currents  

Wind Essentials Air Pressure and Its Measurement Mercury barometer Aneroid barometer Wind: Description and Measurement   Wind Anemometer Wind vane Global Winds  

Barometers Figure 4.2

Air Pressure Figure 4.3

Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere Gravity Pressure Gradient Force   Coriolis Force   Friction Force  

Pressure Gradient Figure 4.7

Coriolis Force Figure 4.9

Pressure + Coriolis + Friction Figure 4.8

500 mb Pressure Map Figure 4.10

Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas   Upper Atmospheric Circulation  Jet Streams  Local Winds   Monsoonal Winds Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) Trade winds

Global Barometric Pressure Figure 4.11

Global Barometric Pressure Figure 4.11

Subtropical high-pressure cells Westerlies Bermuda high Azores high Pacific high Figure 4.14

Subpolar low-pressure cells Aleutian low Icelandic low Polar front

General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 4.13

General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 4.13

General Atmospheric Circulation Figure 4.6

Polar and Subpolar Circulation Figure 4.15

Rossby Waves Figure 4.16

Jet Streams Figure 4.17

Land-Sea Breezes Figure 4.18

Mountain-Valley Breeze Figure 4.19

Monsoonal Winds Figure 4.20

Major Ocean Currents Figure 4.21

Pacific Ocean Currents Figure 1

Deep Currents Figure 4.22

Elemental Geosystems 4e End of Chapter 4 Elemental Geosystems 4e Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Modified by Jim Speer