How to use this SPARKlab Authoring Template (PowerPoint 2007 for Windows) 1.Save this file as a PowerPoint Presentation (.pptx) with the name of the SPARKlab you intend to create: Office button > Save As > PowerPoint Presentation 2.If you don’t see one horizontal and three vertical guide lines, display the Drawing Guides: Home > Arrange > Align > Grid Settings > Display drawing guides on screen 3.If you wish, change the color theme for your SPARKlab: Design > Colors > choose color theme preview: 4.In the Slides panel to the left, click above this instructional slide to place the insertion point before this slide. 5.Insert a new slide for the first page of your SPARKlab, selecting the most appropriate layout for your planned content (refer to your storyboard): Home > New Slide button’s dropdown arrow > select layout 6.Add text and insert pictures and other static content as desired. You can modify or delete the provided placeholders, but be aware of the boundaries defined by the guide lines… 7.Leave white space where you intend to add interactive elements (data displays and text entry boxes) in the final SPARKlab. Tip: If you don’t have a storyboard, use the Notes field below the slide to describe the placement and content of the slide’s interactive elements. 8.Continue to add new slides and content. Place all content slides before this instructional slide to maintain slide numbering. 9.Save the completed file as a PowerPoint Presentation for potential future reference. 10.Export all of the slides as.png image files for use as Background images in SPARKvue: Office button > Save As > Other Formats > Save as type: PNG Portable Network Graphics format (*.png) > Save > Every Slide 11.Close PowerPoint and locate the folder of your exported PNG slide images (optionally deleting the image of this last instructional slide) for use constructing your SPARKlab in SPARKvue.

Investigating Convection

Billy and Emily live in the same apartment building. On a nice day in April, Emily called Billy to complain about how hot her apartment was. Billy was surprised because he thought his apartment was a very comfortable temperature. After looking at their apartment building why do you think Emily’s apartment is so much hotter than Billy’s. Smart Start

What do you think is going to happen to the water temperatures at the two temperature probe location when the heat lamp is turned on at one end and the ice pack is placed on the opposite end? Why? When food coloring red food coloring is added to the heat lamp, and blue food coloring is added to the ice pack side, do you think the colors will flow in a certain way? Why? Investigating Convection (Hypothesis)

Investigating Convection Convection is the transfer of heat by movement through a medium, like air or a liquid. It is the primary method of heat transfer through gases and liquids. What do we know about the molecules of gases and liquids? What happens to the molecules when heat it added?

Investigating Convection: Set Up 1.Fill the tank with room-temperature water to approximately two inches from the top. 2.Tape white paper on one side of the tank to form a backdrop against which you’ll be able to view the water currents. 3.Clamp or position the heat lamp or light bulb at one end of the tank in order to create a warmer area of water. 4.At the opposite end of the tank, be ready to drop the block of ice / cold pack into the water to create the cooled section of water. 5.Position the two Temperature Sensors in the tank so that they are directly above/below one another in the middle of the tank.

Click the play button to begin collecting room-temperature data. The graph should display two different-colored traces, one from each of the Temperature Sensors. Monitor the temperature for 3-5 minutes; ideally the tank conditions should be stable.

Change the temperature conditions by turning on the heat source at one end and suspending the block of ice in the water at the other end of the tank. Wait approximately 5-10 minutes for the temperature change to take effect, then drop a small amount (1-2 drops) of food coloring into the water in order to make the convection currents more visible. (Using red coloring near the heat lamp and blue coloring near the cold pack.) Observe the temperature data and the flow of colored water to look for evidence of convection currents. Continue monitoring for approximately 15 minutes or until conditions are stable.

Remove the block of ice/cold pack and turn off the heat source at the opposite end of the tank. Continue observing the temperature data and the flow of colored water in the tank. Click the Stop button ( ) when the temperature data has stabilized.

Examine the graph and study the data. At what point in the experiment were temperatures reported by each sensor farthest apart? Closest together?

1.Describe what you observed in the heated section of the tank, and how those observations differed from your observations of the section of the tank near the ice. 2.How did temperatures in different regions of the tank correspond to the flow of water that resulted from the convection current that was established? Investigating Convection

Investigation Convection Describe how heat it transferred in this boiling pot of water. What is happening to the molecules in the water?

Investigation Convection As a gas or liquid is heated, it warms, expands, and rises because it is less dense. When the gas or liquid cools, it becomes denser and falls it creates a convection current.