Chapter 14 The Roman Republic

That just happened! Founding of Rome by Romulus 753 B.C B.C. Romulus is King of Rome B.C. Assyrian Empire Time of Jewish Prophet Isaiah By: Michelangelo

724 B.C. Diaulos (foot Race) added to Olympics 722 B.C. 718 B.C. Samaria, Israel Capital, falls to Sargon The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited 718 BC - The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited, tended by the Vestal Virgins. It was the longest lasting fire, continuing to burn for 1112 years until it was allowed to die-out in 394 AD

B.C. Numa Pompilius- King of Rome Pentathlon added to Olympics Death of Sargon II, King Of Assyria 708 B.C.705 B.C.

700 B.C. Roman & Sabine Kings rule over Roman Territories Babylon destroyed by Assyrians Early Rome at odds with neighbors “Sabines” B.C.689 B.C.

688 B.C. Boxing added to Olympics 680 B.C B.C. Etruscan Tarquins take control of Rome Four-horse chariot race added to Olympics Tullus Hostilius, King of Rome

670 B.C. First major bridge "Pons Sublicius" (wood piles) built across the Tiber River to the Temple to Jupiter 669 B.C.666 B.C. Ashurbanipal becomes King of Assyria Ashurbanipal establishes world’s 1 st library

648 B.C B.C.627 B.C. Pankration (boxing/wrestling) added to Olympics Ancus Martius, King of Rome Ashurbanipal dies

B.C B.C.612 B.C. Rome dominated by Etruscan culture Lucius Tarquinius (Tarquin I), 1 st Etruscan King of Rome, takes peaceful control of Rome Ninevah is captured; end of Assyria

B.C.600 B.C.586 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylonia Public Square “The Forum Romanum” is created in Rome Destruction of Jerusalem and Temple of Solomon

580 B.C B.C.570 B.C. Birth of Cyrus the Great of Persia Servius Tarquinius Tullius, Latin King of Rome Tower of Babel built in Babylon

562 B.C.559 B.C.550 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, dies (age 84) Cyrus the Great comes to power in Persia Temple of Artemis built

549 B.C.538 B.C.526 B.C. Belshazzar comes to power in Babylonia Cyrus the Great of Persia conquers Babylonia Cyrus allows Jews to return to Jerusalem and begin rebuilding temple

535 B.C B.C.529 B.C. Construction on Isle of Samos (oldest tunnel still in use: originally for water now used by pedestrians b/w Greece & Turkey Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, “The Proud” (Tarquin II) – last Etruscan King of Rome Cyrus the Great dies

525 B.C B.C. Persia conquers Egypt Foot race (in armor) added to Olympics Darius I “The Great” rules Persia

515 B.C.510 B.C. Temple completed in Jerusalem (only “Western Wall” remains today) Tarquinius Superbus & other “Tarquins” expelled from Rome

Section 1 The Government

What’s happening now??? 509 B.C. – Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud (Etruscan King) Set up a republic 509 B.C. – Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud (Etruscan King) Set up a republic

The Republic Form of government where citizens choose their rulers

However, not everyone had a say in the choice Patricians Plebians Patricians Plebians

Patricians Oldest and richest families Only ones who could hold office Only ones who performed certain rituals Oldest and richest families Only ones who could hold office Only ones who performed certain rituals

Plebians Poorer citizens: merchants, farmers, artisans Paid taxes Served in army Could not hold office Could not marry patricians Could be sold into slavery Poorer citizens: merchants, farmers, artisans Paid taxes Served in army Could not hold office Could not marry patricians Could be sold into slavery

Provincials Inhabitants of Roman Empire (conquered territories) Some moved to Italian peninsula Not a Roman citizen Few rights Heavily taxed Inhabitants of Roman Empire (conquered territories) Some moved to Italian peninsula Not a Roman citizen Few rights Heavily taxed

Slaves Not citizens Slaves grew as empire grew Racial and ethnic diversity Could obtain freedom and citizenship Not citizens Slaves grew as empire grew Racial and ethnic diversity Could obtain freedom and citizenship

Freedmen Ex-slaves Could be granted citizenship Children were Roman citizens Ex-slaves Could be granted citizenship Children were Roman citizens

Organization of early Roman Republic

Consuls At the head was 2 consuls Chosen yearly Administrators and military leaders Had power to veto the acts of the other Both had to agree before laws could be passed At the head was 2 consuls Chosen yearly Administrators and military leaders Had power to veto the acts of the other Both had to agree before laws could be passed

The Senate Made up of 300 senators Chosen for life Handled daily problems of the government Advised consuls Handled problems with other countries Proposed laws Approved public contracts Made up of 300 senators Chosen for life Handled daily problems of the government Advised consuls Handled problems with other countries Proposed laws Approved public contracts

Government Officials Judges Assemblies Tribunes Judges Assemblies Tribunes Protected the rights of plebians Protected the rights of plebians

Plebians were Part of Government Belonged to assemblies Could declare war & settle on peace terms Belonged to assemblies Could declare war & settle on peace terms

Roman Law Not written until 450 B.C. Laws were carved on 12 bronze tablets known as The Twelve Tables. Became foundation for future Roman law Not written until 450 B.C. Laws were carved on 12 bronze tablets known as The Twelve Tables. Became foundation for future Roman law

Reforms Reforms will be made continuously Eventually tribunes will be elected By 250 B.C. no one could be sold into slavery because of debt Plebians will eventually hold office Reforms will be made continuously Eventually tribunes will be elected By 250 B.C. no one could be sold into slavery because of debt Plebians will eventually hold office