Mediterranean Civilization Rome: From Monarchy to Republic to empire

Mediterranean Civilization RomE Fact VS. Fiction --Founded in the 8th century at the mouth of the Tiber River. --Founded near a group of hills called the Palatine. --The Latini were an agricultural and pastoral group --Rome was founded by the sons of Mars --Romulus and Remus raised by wolves were directed to build Rome in Latium (Seven vultures fly around seven times near seven hills) --Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name

Mediterranean Civilization Romulus and Remus

Mediterranean Civilization Seven Hills of Rome

Mediterranean Civilization The Story of Romulus and Remus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI

Mediterranean Civilization Early Settlements in Italy South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.

Mediterranean Civilization Royal Period (753-510 B.C.) Seven Kings of Rome Romulus Numa Pompilius Tullus Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquin Priscus Servius Tullius Tarquin the Proud

Mediterranean Civilization The Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.) Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He is overthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republic is formed officials are elected. Roman Society Patricians—wealthy landowners Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craft workers. They made up 90% of the population.

Mediterranean Civilization Roman Government Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year. Responsibilities --initiated legislation --served as head of the judiciary and military --served as chief priest to the nation Limitations --only served for one year --had veto power, could veto the other --had to serve on the Senate after their term

Mediterranean Civilization Roman Government Magistrates—assisted Consuls Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office were extended because of military campaigns Quaestors—two financial officers, determining property values for taxes Praetor—judicial official

Mediterranean Civilization Roman Government Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixed their tax status. The job of censor went to former consuls. They were the least corruptible. They had the power to dismiss Senators. Senate—Consuls appointed members of senate for life terms Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of the plebeians and had veto power

Mediterranean Civilization Struggle of the Orders The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while the Plebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality. Plebeians Patricians 90% 10% --produced the food --wealthy --supplied labor --ran government --supplied soldiers --controlled the economy The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to the Sacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.

Mediterranean Civilization Tribal Assembly --Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes. --They could veto any decision by a Roman Official or magistrate. --They had the power to authorize their own legislation, non-binding for Patricians.

Mediterranean Civilization A glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0

Mediterranean Civilization Tribal Assembly Results 450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables 445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician 367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul 300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the priesthood 287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian assembly was binding over all citizens

Mediterranean Civilization

Mediterranean Civilization Empire Building Punic Wars Rome and Carthage both have influence in the southern portion of the Mediterranean. Rome’s sphere of influence includes southern Italy. Carthage’s sphere of influence includes western edge of Sicily, Sardinia western North Africa and southern Spain.

Mediterranean Civilization Empire Building Punic Wars dcc.dickinson.edu

Mediterranean Civilization Empire Building Punic Wars Thelatinlibrary.com

Mediterranean Civilization First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) --Messina revolts against Carthage --Roman navy defeats the Carthaginians --Rome takes control of Sardinia and Corsica

Mediterranean Civilization Second Punic War (218-202 B.C.) --Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance with Rome. --Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys it. --Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough supplies and roams the countryside. --Hannibal returns to Carthage and is defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.

Mediterranean Civilization Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.) --First half of second century, Carthage regains its power. --Romans demanded Carthaginians move inland, they refused. --Romans went from town to town slaughtering the inhabitants selling people into slavery.

Mediterranean Civilization Punic War Result Rome had turned from a regional power to an international empire.

Mediterranean Civilization Metropolitan Museum of Art http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm