Italy, 500 BC
First King of Rome- Romulus Romulus is the mythic founder of Rome Dies in 714 BC Period of interregnum
Second King of Rome- Numa Pompilius Rules BC Sabine Known for piety, wisdom Made peace with neighbors temple of Janus Calendar reforms Religious reforms
Third King of Rome- Tullus Hostilius Rules Military focus Makes war with Alba Longa Built Curia Hostilia
Curia Julia- replaces Curia Hostilius and Curia Cornelius
Reconstruction of the Curia Julia
Fourth King of Rome- Ancus Marcius Rules BC Grandson of Numa Restored religious observances Separated religious/military obligations for kings Built port of Ostia
Fifth King of Rome- Lucius Tarquinius Priscus Rules BC Wealthy Etruscan who moved to Rome Married Tanaquil Campaigns for the throne as Ancus is dying Doubles number of senators Created Circus Maximus
Imperial palace and Circus Maximus
Circus Maximus
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus cont. Adopts Servius Tullius as a son because of miraculous sign The sons of Ancus make an assassination attempt Sevius takes command as a temporary king Sons of Ancus flee Tarquinius Priscus dies
Sixth King of Rome- Servius Tullius Rules Born a slave, adopted by Tarquinius Priscus Reforms class structure based off how much armor/weapons a man could afford Poor relieved of military burden Allotted more political power to wealthy
Servius Tullius cont. Tarquinius Priscus had 2 legitimate sons: Tarquin (older) and Arnus (younger) Servius Tullius had 2 daughters: Tullia (older) and Tullia (younger) Tarquin marries Tullia the Older Arnus marries Tullia the Younger Tullia the Younger and Tarquin conspire, kill their spouses, marry each other, kill Servius Tullius
Seventh King of Rome- Tarquinius Superbus Rules Killed the supporters of Servius Tullius Forced-labor building projects: –Temple of Jupiter –Cloaca Maxima Engages in more wars
The Fall of the Kingdom and Birth of the Republic Son of Tarquinius Superbus, Sextus, and Collatinus get into argument over whose wife is better Sextus’ wife was at a party, Collatinus’ wife, Lucretia, was at home working Sextus rapes Lucretia Lucretia calls together her husband, father, and brother, then commits suicide People of Rome rise against the Tarquins