Past – Present – Future Fatigue Risk Management Symposium May 11 – 13, 2010

National Transportation Safety Board & Fatigue Wiggins, Colorado (1984) New Castle, Wyoming (1984) 18 rail accidents related to fatigue Operator fatigue on NTSB Most Wanted List since (1990).

Train Accident & Medical Issue(S) Accident on November 15, 2001, between two trains resulted in fatalities of two crewmembers and serious injuries to two others. NTSB stated that the primarily cause of the accident was the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) of two crewmembers.* FRA’s Safety Advisory , “Effect of Sleep Disorders on Safety of Railroad Operations”, issued on September 21, Studies awarded by FRA to address fatigue concerns from the perspective of sleep disorders, depression, stress, etc. *NTSB/RAR-02/04.

Proceedings of the Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop* Bio -mathematical models of fatigue and performance CHS Chronic Fatigue Model – Spencer & Belyavin Circadian Alertness Simulator – Moore-Ede Fatigue Audit Interdyne – Dawson & Fletcher Interactive Neurobehavorial Model – Jewett & Kronauer Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Risk Task Effectiveness - Hursh Sleep/Wake Predictor – Folkard & Akerstedt * June 13-14, 2002, Seattle, WA. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. March 2004 Vol. 75 No. 3, Section 111

Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool FAST On June 28, 2004 a westbound freight train collided with another freight train resulting in a subsequent derailment, etc. NTSB determined that the probable cause of the collision was crew fatigue (westbound freight train) and the failure to respond to signals. Initial use of a bio-mathematical model by FRA to determine that fatigue was a contributing factor. NTSB recommendation – require use of scientifically based principles when assigning work schedules, consider sleep/health issues, etc.

Validation and Calibrate of a Model* Use of a bio-mathematical model to permit an objective assessment of fatigue, so that employees and employers may schedule work and rest to minimize the degradation of operator performance by fatigue. Partnership with 5 major carriers. Study involved 400 human factors and 1,000 nonhuman factors accidents. Sleep. Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness model using the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST). Relationship between reduce effectiveness and human factors accidents. Validation and Calibration of a Fatigue Assessment Tool for Railroad Work Schedules, Final Report. DOT/FRA/ORD-08/04. November Initial report 2006/2007.

Rail Safety Improvement Act Fatigue Management Plan Employee education and training - based on current scientific and medical research. Sleep disorders. Scheduling practices. Alertness strategies – napping. Minimize accidents and incidents – scientific and medical research to indicate increased fatigue.

Rail Safety Improvement Act Hours-Of-Service Reform/Regulatory Authority - be in any other mandatory service for the carrier in any calendar month where the employee has spent a total of 276 hours. -- remain or go on duty after that employee has initiated an on-duty period each day for 6 consecutive days, unless that employee has had at least 48 consecutive hours off duty at the employee’s home terminal. Any employee who works a seventh consecutive day – shall have at least 72 consecutive hours off duty at the employee’s home terminal. Waivers & pilot programs.

Regulatory Perspective - Future Continue usage of bio-mathematical models, along with increase education and training regarding application. What does a model really tell us? Linkage of models with medical issues/concerns. Fatigue mitigation plans. Development of more refined evaluation methodology. How do we measure improvements? Continue use of work/rest diaries/studies. Quality of life concerns, how to address?

Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management Scott Kaye Program Manager, Fatigue Policy & Development Federal Railroad Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E. Washington, DC (office) (cell)