Imperialism Part II Asia and Middle East

India Was controlled by Great Britain Britain was insensitive to Hindu and Muslim Religion and Indian Customs Britain created a modern system of secondary education, economic reforms, and a unified powerful state

Leading to Rebellion Caused by British insensitivity Soldiers were forced to bite bullets coated in animal fat from cows or pigs  violated dietary restrictions and religious beliefs Raised taxes, less pay, food shortages Widows were allowed to remarry (Sati)  seen as Christian conspiracy to undermine beliefs

Sepoy Rebellion Hindu and Muslim Soldiers Northern and central India Crushed by British loyal troops in south After India is ruled by Parliament in London and administered by a tiny all white committee in India

China Carved into spheres of influence in the late 19 th century Had a trade surplus up until the Industrial Revolution Tea – Opium Trade with Britain leads to conflict Eventually they are controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan US – Open Door Policy

Opium Wars Chinese government outlawed opium due to addiction British merchant ships clashed with Chinese warships Chinese were easily defeated by Britain’s more advanced gun boats Treaty of Nanking: pay indemnity, Britain gets Hong Kong and have to open 5 ports to foreign trade China is forced to accept trade and investment terms of the west Westerners followed their home laws not China’s

Taiping Rebellion 1850 Led by Hong Xiuquan (Christian) Wanted land reform, community ownership of property, equality for men and women Civil War for 14 years  20 million died Manchus defeated rebellion with British help

Boxer Rebellion 1899 Response to Open Door Policy and Imperialism Antiforeigner feelings  anti-imperialism Trained in martial arts Attacked foreigners nationwide in 1900 Western Powers & Japan join forces and crush rebellion Chinese nationalism continued to spread

Dr. Sun Yixian Wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and create a republic Created “3 principles of the People” –1 Nationalism –2 Democracy –3 Livelihood Dec 1911 – named new president of the Chinese republic  next 37 years saw constant war with itself or foreign invaders

Japan Japan resisted being imperialized Was quick to modernize and became an imperial power in late 19 th century –Meiji Restoration: reforms to compete with the West

Russo - Japanese War 1904 Russia and Japan both want Manchuria and Korea Russia want a trans-Siberian railway across Manchuria Japan destroys Russia’s fleet off Korea Impact: Russia turns to take over Balkans, Japan Annexes Korea, West is afraid of Japan -1 st powerful Asian nation

Asia Division France : Indochina Britain: Burma, Malay Peninsula, North Borneo Germany: Some Pacific Islands Russia: Persia, outer China Spanish - American War: US took Philippines, Guam, Cuba ; Hawaii Britain and Russia = Iran (Oil!)