The Americans Move In The United States and South Vietnam,

Geneva Conference of ) Division of Vietnam at 17 th Parallel 1.) Division of Vietnam at 17 th Parallel 2.) Elections in two years 2.) Elections in two years 3.) Movement of peoples North and South 3.) Movement of peoples North and South 4.) US takes “note” of the agreements, but is not a party to them 4.) US takes “note” of the agreements, but is not a party to them

SEATO

SEATO – Southeast Asian Treaty Organization 1.) Created at Manilla Conference in September ) Created at Manilla Conference in September ) Signatory countries – US, UK, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines and Thailand 2.) Signatory countries – US, UK, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines and Thailand 3.) Only consultation in the event 3.) Only consultation in the event 4.) Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos – protected in protocol, not treaty 4.) Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos – protected in protocol, not treaty 5.) Treaty aimed at China 5.) Treaty aimed at China

Ngo Dien Diem: The Third Force?

Ho Chi Minh vs.Ngo Dinh Diem

Diem and the Sects Crisis of April ) Cao Dai – Religious Movement – Army of 30,000 2.) Hoa Hao – Religious Movement – army of 10,000 3.) Binh Xuyen – Vietnamese Mafia - strong force in Saigon 4.) Diem’s Victory – final withdrawal of French

Emergence of South Vietnam 1.) Diem Defeats Rivals – power base among Catholics from the North 2.) Refuses to allow elections – deposes Bao Dai 3.) Cold War and Divided Countries – Germany, Korea, Vietnam, China

Why Does the US Move in? 1.) Strategic reasons 2.) Domestic politics - McCarthyism 3.) Economic reasons – concern about Japan 4.) Cold War opportunity 5.) Ideological reasons

Eisenhower in

US Assistance to South Vietnam 1.) 1.2 billion between ; 1500 Americans, 5 th of recipients of aid 1.) 1.2 billion between ; 1500 Americans, 5 th of recipients of aid 2.) Creation of a military force – ARVN – Army of the Republic of Vietnam 2.) Creation of a military force – ARVN – Army of the Republic of Vietnam 3.) Commodity Import Program 3.) Commodity Import Program

Diem’s State ► 1.) Family Dictatorship, favoritism to Catholics ► 2.) Anti-Communist Campaigns ► 3.) Failure of Land Reform ► 4.) Political unrest in the South, coup attempts

North Vietnam, ) Focus on building socialism 1.) Focus on building socialism 2.) Violent land reform program – thousands killed 2.) Violent land reform program – thousands killed 3.) Key Role of Le Duan – southerner urging assistance 3.) Key Role of Le Duan – southerner urging assistance 4.) Growing Sino-Soviet split – opportunity for Hanoi 4.) Growing Sino-Soviet split – opportunity for Hanoi 5.) Spring 1959 – Party authorizes resumption of “struggle in the South” 5.) Spring 1959 – Party authorizes resumption of “struggle in the South” 6.) December 1960 – Creation of the NLF 6.) December 1960 – Creation of the NLF

Le Duan ( ) Real leader of North Vietnam after 1958 Real leader of North Vietnam after 1958