TATIONpRÆSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING THREE INNOVATIVE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES Workshop for the promotion of biomethane in Denmark Agro Food Park 12 September 2013 Anders Peter S. Adamsen 12 SEPTEMBER 2013

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Background Fluctuating production of electricity from wind turbines Excess or inexpensive electricity requires solutions Difficult to store electricity Easy to store and transport methane where access to natural gas grid The solution Excess electricity can be converted to methane by methanation of carbon dioxide, e.g. in biogas 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES 2

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Energinet.dk’s vision for fossil fuel free Denmark in 2050 – The Wind Scenario 3 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Haldor Topsøe’s chemical methanation process 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES 4

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Fuel Cell and Electrolyser 5 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Synergy between SOEC and fuel synthesis 6 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Biogas to SNG via SOEC and methanation of the CO 2 in the biogas 7 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Gasclean up for sulfur and other impurities in the biogas 8 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES Test for > 800 hours at Aarhus University, Foulum have shown sulfur removal to be ~100%

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING 9 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Biological methanation of biogas – the Electrochaea process Consortium: › Electrochaea.dk ApS › E.ON. › Nordjysk Elhandel AS › Aarhus University Key numbers: › Period: Jan – Dec › Support from EUDP: 6.6 million DKK › Total budget: ~12 million DKK › 250 kW as methane › Demonstration over 3,000 hours under realistic market conditions for electricity and gas 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES 10

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Power-to-Gas Overview SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Electrochaea: technlogy basic: › Converting Power to Biomethane Using Biological Catalyst SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Electrochaea Process Flow Steps SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Electrochaea’s Biocatalyst › Methanogenic archaea, a single-celled microorganism › Anaerobic extremophiles › Selectively evolved, not genetically modified › Oxygen tolerance › Mass conversion efficiency › Reaction kinetics SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Electrochaea’s Biocatalyst: properties SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Direct addition of hydrogen to biogas or the biogas broth – the DTU process Developed by Gang Luo, Postdoc, and Irini Angelidaki, Professor The principle: › CO 2 together with H 2 could be used by hydrogenotrophic methanogens for methane production › 4H 2 +CO 2 =CH 4 +2H 2 O › In Denmark, H 2 could be obtained by electrolysis of water using the surplus electricity from wind mills 12 SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES 16

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING DTU’s upgrading concepts DTU has developed both ex-situ and in-situ biogas upgrading technologies which are patented: › Direct injection in a biogas reactor (in-situ upgrading). Important points for efficient upgrading in in situ upgrading system › Co-digestion with acidic wastes to keep pH to below 8.0 › Distribution of H 2 through hollow fibre membranes › Injection of H 2 to a gas flow biogas reactor › Separate treatment of biogas in a separate biogas reactor (ex-situ upgrading) SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Concept 1: In-situ biogas upgrading Very simple process for biogas upgrading SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Concept 2: ex-situ biogas upgrading An alternative method which does not affect the anaerobic process in the biogas reactor SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Status on the DTU concept › Currently, CH4 content of 98-99% in the biogas is achieved by both technologies in the lab. › The technologies are ready for up-scaling SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING The challenges The ongoing demonstrations will provide important information on: › Need of gas cleaning – sulfur gasses etc. (Haldor Topsøe) › Ramp up and ramp down time › Robustness › System integration › Maturity level › CAPEX › OPEX SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES

ANDERS PETER S. ADAMSEN AARHUS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Acknowledgement › Haldor Topsøe: John Bøgild Hansen › Electrochaea: Jeff Fornero › DTU, BioEnergy Research Group: Gang Luo & Irini Angelidaki SEPTEMBER 2013THREE METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES