Some Context for the Spread of CSNET to the Peoples Republic of China Jay Hauben

John von Neumann 28 December February 1957 June 1945: First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC April 1947: Affidavit putting all IAS computer contributions in public domain 175 copies of reports on IAS computer development sent by land and sea mail around the world : Electronic Computer Project -- IAS Computer

John vov Neumann and the IAS computer

22-23 October 1955 First international conference in Germany on electronic digital computing. 560 attendees 60 speakers Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt Alwin Walther

1950s USA: Joint Computer Conferences (started in 1951), leading to a desire for an international conference Germany: Electronic Computers and Information Processing (Elektronische Rechenmaschinen und Informations-verarbeitung) International Conference in Darmstadt (530 attendees and 60 speakers) China: Twelve Year Plan for the Development of Sciences and Technology included computer technology as one of the 57 priority fields

Suggested an international meeting to exchange information about the state of the computer art. Such a conference would be a “major contribution to a more stable world.” Isaac Auerbach

“By far, the most important success of the conference was the co-mingling of people from all parts of the world, their making new acquaintances, and their willingness to share their knowledge with one another.” Isaac Auerbach June 1959 First World Computer Conference Paris France Nearly 1800 participants from 38 countries

International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) (1960 to present) Mission: To be an apolitical world organization to encourage and assist in the development, exploitation and application of Information Technology for the benefit of all people. (IFIP Charter 1960)

Time-Sharing Mode of Computer Operation simultaneous use of a single computer by many users (one computer with many terminals attached) Time sharing computer Terminals sharing among researchers now being built directly into the computer technology itself

JCR Licklider in 1960 foresaw interconnection of human-computer thinking centers into an “intergalactic network”

“It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval.” - J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960.

Donald Davies mid 1960s Packet Switching communication lines could be shared by all users if the messages were broken up into packets

“For the society, the impact will be good or bad, depending mainly on the question: Will ‘to be on line’ be a privilege or a right? If only a favored segment of the population gets a chance … the network may exaggerate the discontinuity in … opportunity.” J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

UNIX time-sharing operating system simple and powerful entire software code available open for change and improvement by its users UNIX spread around the world

ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Network first large scale network of dissimilar computers. based on packet switching technology The goal of the ARPANET project “to facilitate resource sharing” biggest surprise was that the ARPANET was used mostly for

Computing in China: A Travel Report (Covering 3 weeks in July 1972) Science Magazine, 1973, Volume 182, Issue 4108, pp

China sent a computer <- scientist, Li Fu-sheng, on its first team of scientists to tour the US in 1972.

One version of the planned European Informatics Network (Source “Cost 11 Project”) EIN November 23, 1971 Agreement to establish a European Informatics Network

A Proposed IIASANET Configuration, September 1975 (Source, IIASA, 1975, p.142)

Larry Landweber

COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH NETWORK GOALS * Open to all computer researchers throughout the United States (later the world) * Logical net comprising physical subnets (initially ARPANET, Telenet, Phonenet) * Advanced network services (initially mail, file transfer remote login, name server) * Self-governing, -sustaining, and –supporting * Low entry fee

Michael Hebgen, Werner Zorn, Michael Rotert with VAX 11/750 (CSNET-HOST) and the SIEMENS 7561 (DFN-HOST) in the Univ of Karlsruhe Computer Center (IRA) 1985

John von Neumann

Alwin WaltherIsaac Auerbach

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR Licklider

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR LickliderDonald Davies

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR LickliderDonald Davies Louis PouzinBob Kahn

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR LickliderDonald Davies Louis PouzinBob Kahn Tom Truscott

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR LickliderDonald Davies Louis PouzinBob Kahn Tom TruscottLarry Landweber

John von NeumannAlwin WaltherIsaac AuerbachJCR LickliderDonald Davies Louis PouzinBob KahnTom TruscottLarry Landweber Werner Zorn Yufeng Wang THANK YOU