Ubiquitous Computing Technologies and their Future Potential Dr. Rahul Banerjee Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Rajasthan – , INDIA Home Page: / Sunday, September 20, 20151(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA Invited Lecture, ELITEX-2008, New Delhi, India Session organized by the C-DAC January 18, 2008

Interaction Points What is Pervasive / Ubiquitous Computing? Introduction to Pervasive Computing Design Principles Types of Technologies involved Basic elements of a Pervasive Computing System Examples of Pervasive Computing Technologies at work What is being done at BITS-Pilani? – The CS G 541 / SS G 531 / SS ZG 531: Pervasive Computing course – The “BITS-LifeGuard Project” – The “BITS Smart Campus System” – “Project Grid-One” – “Project NetFirst” Concluding remarks Sunday, September 20, 20152(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

3 What is Pervasive Computing or Ubiquitous Computing? Pervasive Computing is the study of a computing technology that pervades the users’ environment by making use of seamless connectivity of multiple independent information devices embedded in the environment of the users. This is done by: Making use of multiple independent information devices (fixed or mobile, homogeneous or heterogeneous) Interconnecting these devices seamlessly through wireless or wired computer communication networks Providing a class of computing / sensory / communication services to a class of users, preferably transparently and can provide personalized services while ensuring a fair degree of privacy / non-intrusiveness. Pervasive Computing is also called Ubiquitous Computing or Invisible Computing. 3 (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, IndiaSunday, September 20, 2015

Design Principles of Pervasive Computing Systems The pervasive computing system design should try to attain the goals of: – simplicity, – versatility and – Pleasurability while retaining cost-effectiveness, usage-safety and transparency. (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIASunday, September 20,

Self-Configuration & its Importance In order too achieve the pervasive computing system design goals the appliances and the networks comprising of these appliance nodes must be able to: automatically discover other » Devices, » Services and » Parameters In addition, they should be able to carry out unattended negotiation amongst themselves if needed. (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIASunday, September 20,

Elements: Devices Devices: Computing Nodes / Sensor-Compute Nodes (miniature to large, single to multi-core) Display devices (hard and soft surface display devices) Input devices (voice, video, touchpad, keypad etc.) Storage devices (short-term to long-term, slow to very fast) Communication devices (wireless and wireline) Sunday, September 20, 20156(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

Elements: Power-provisioning Power-provisioning: Traditional (Thermal / Hydel / Gas / Atomic / Solar / Tidal / Wind etc.) power provisioning from the regular power systems Traditional battery based power systems Miniature flexi-shape, flexible power systems Self-powering systems like powered by walking, respiration etc. Sunday, September 20, 20157(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

Elements: Communication Links Physical Links: Fixed wireline links Fixed wireless links Mobile wireless links Hybrid multi-links Logical / Virtual links Sunday, September 20, 20158(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

© Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India, Elements: Interfacing technologies Navigation technologies Haptic interfacing technologies On-screen / Touch-panel technologies Voice interfacing technologies Video-interfacing technologies Handwriting-based interfacing technologies Hybrid interfacing technologies

Elements: Services Services: Publication services Directory services Discovery services Authentication services Computation services Storage services Translation services Certification services Context-aware services Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

Elements: Software Software elements: System / Application, Regular / Embedded Device drivers Operating systems Application software Software-based service-oriented protocols and architectures File systems Power-management modules Regular / Specialized Languages and corresponding Regular / Cross-compilation-based IDEs Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

12 Web-Wall Ambient Displays Awareness Displays Architecture Annotation Steerable Displays / Activity Displays Wearable See-through Displays Non-wearable See-through Still and Movie Displays Fog, Snow, Water and Ice-based Displays (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India

13 Source: (c) Alois Ferscha PERVASIVE

14 Source: (c) Alois Ferscha PERVASIVE

15 Steerable Displays Source: (c) Alois Ferscha PERVASIVE

16 Possible Scenarios

17 Source: (c) Alois Ferscha PERVASIVE

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Some examples of existing Experimental Systems The NTU Digital Home The GaTech Smart House The IBM Pervasive and Autonomic Computing Centre The MIT Interactive Poster The Stanford iRoom and iSpace The INRIA AGV (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani© Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India,

A Digital Home using UPnP Protocol 22 (c) NTU

23 IBM’s Pervasive Computing Devices

What is being done at BITS- Pilani? The CS G 541 / SS G 531 / SS ZG 531: Pervasive Computing course – Introduced in 2003, inspired by the “BITS LifeGuard” initiative that began in 1999 – Basically a Graduate level course but open to highly motivated Undergraduate level students – Course web page: pilani.ac.in/rahul/PervasiveComputing/ pilani.ac.in/rahul/PervasiveComputing/ – This course was featured, upon invitation in the July- Sept issue of the IEEE Pervasive Computing Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

What is being done at BITS- Pilani? The BITS-LifeGuard Project – Initiated in 1999 – Aims at building transparent life-saving system for saving human lives from slow-reflexes based road accidents – First formal presentation was made at the European Commission’s NGNi Meeting at Brussels in 2001 – Partial funding derived from the EC and MSR – Currently, co-working on complementary research issues with Stanford University in USA and INRIA in France – Project website: pilani.ac.in/WearComp/ pilani.ac.in/WearComp/ – Currently, three PhD students are working on different aspects of the problem Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

What is being done at BITS- Pilani? The Project Project website: pilani.ac.in/ pilani.ac.in/ – Initiated in 1998, this was India’s first IPv6 based research, development and large-scale deployment project that brought many firsts to the country The Project Grid-One Project website: pilani.ac.in/GridOne/ pilani.ac.in/GridOne/ – Initiated in 2003, focussed on building an IPv6-native support based research grid for collaborative health-grid – Partially funded by Microsoft Research, Redmond Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

What is being done at BITS- Pilani? The Project NetFirst Project website: pilani.ac.in/iCampus/ pilani.ac.in/iCampus/ – Initiated in 2005, focussed on building web-browser-driven real network research laboratories located remotely – Started in collaboration with the MIT-Cambridge under the BITS-MIT iCampus India initiative The Extended iSpace Project – Started in 2007, in collaboration with the Centre for Design Research and CS Department of Stanford University – Focusses upon multi-platform distributed intelligent collaborative learning spaces The BITS-SmartCampus Project – Initiated in 2007, focussed on providing location-discovery, security- monitoring and emergency health services Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

Concluding remarks Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing has come of age even without our realizing it in quite a few cases Major research, development and deployment efforts have been undertaken the world over and India is already very much part of it Around the globe, quite a few research-driven graduate level and some undergraduate level courses are on offer E-learning technologies are beginning to benefit from the spin-offs of Pervasive Computing research Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA

Any questions? Thank you! Sunday, September 20, (c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, INDIA Home Page: /