T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 1 TEAP Update Presentation for MOP-20

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 2 TEAP/MTOC Assessment of Revised Essential Use Nominations for MDIs and Progress Report

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 3 Essential Use Nominations for MDIs Recommend exemption for CFCs for MDIs for 92 tonnes Recommend exemption for CFCs for MDIs for 248 tonnes (for single- moiety salbutamol to be sold within the Russian Federation). Recommend exemption for CFCs for MDIs for 22 tonnes United StatesRussian FederationEuropean Community

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 4 European Community Revised Essential Use Nomination for MDIs Reduction in CFCs nominated for 2009 (22 tonnes) –60% intended for Italy; 40% for Article 5 Parties –Three active ingredients withdrawn New information submitted after OEWG-28 to support the nomination –Demonstrated inaccessibility of available stockpile –Additional information to support volume and essentiality of the combination products to Italy, and on progress in reformulation

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 5 European Community Revised Essential Use Nomination for MDIs Most MTOC members do not consider these combination products an essential use However, given that 2009 is the final year of nomination, MTOC reluctantly recommends the nomination owing to: –reformulation progress –inaccessibility of available stockpile

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 6 United States Revised Essential Use Nomination for MDIs Significant reduction in CFCs nominated for 2010 (92 tonnes) –Two active ingredients withdrawn New information submitted after OEWG-28 to support the nomination –Claimed inaccessibility of available stockpile with required CFC mix –Additional information to support volume and essentiality of epinephrine CFC MDI to United States, and on progress in reformulation Active moiety subject to US FDA rule-making, yet to be completed

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 7 United States Revised Essential Use Nomination for MDIs Some MTOC members did not consider epinephrine CFC MDIs an essential use MTOC members urge completion of development efforts by beginning of 2011, as planned by manufacturer MTOC reluctantly recommends the nomination owing to –anticipated reformulation progress, and –inaccessibility of available stockpile MTOC will not recommend CFC for epinephrine after 2010

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 8 Phase-out of CFC MDIs in A5 Parties Significant progress in transition from CFC MDI use in all A5 Parties, with a range of technically feasible alternatives available Mandated global CFC production phase-out 14 months away Many MLF projects to convert locally owned CFC MDI manufacturing are still in the early stages Pace of MLF-financed manufacturing conversion will determine the quantities of CFCs required after 2009 Continued production of small amounts of pharmaceutical- grade CFCs after 2009 is likely to be impractical

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 9 Update Decision XVIII/16: Recommended Option A final CFC manufacturing campaign would provide: –A clear target for ending CFC production –Predictability for CFC producers –Incentives for companies to switch manufacturing to CFC-free alternatives The date for a final campaign production can be set when: –Timelines for project implementation are clear –Projections of CFC requirements are known Final production campaign of pharma-grade CFCs feasible in 2011 –Requires planning and coordination –Assumes conversion project implementation is not delayed further

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 10 TEAP / CTOC Essential Use Nomination of CFC-113 by the Russian Federation

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 11 Background Decision XVIII/8 (MOP-18) approved 150 tonnes for 2007 as exemption for CFC-113 applications in the aerospace industry in the Russian Federation Decision XIX/14 authorized 140 tonnes for 2008 and 130 tonnes for 2009 provided that TEAP identifies no alternatives and noted that: –Experts nominated by TEAP/CTOC will meet with Russian engineers to evaluate the applications and to recommend proven alternatives if possible –The Russian Federation is ready to explore the availability of CFC-113 from global stocks

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 12 Conclusions The HCFCs (-122 and -141b) have been qualified in the laboratories to replace some uses, but their commercial use still faces significant approval process by various organisations Successful substitution by 2010 is possible but will require close cooperation between various organisations The compatibility of the HCFC alternatives with non-metallic materials remains an important issue Total CFC-113 phase-out will require significant research, testing and initiatives by the Russian space industry

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 13 Recommendations TEAP and its CTOC reaffirm 140 tonnes of CFC-113 for 2008 and 130 tonnes for 2009 based on progress made to date and work remaining to commercialise HCFC alternatives Quantities of CFC-113 are likely less necessary in future years provided the Russian Federation successfully implements: –Replacement to HCFCs –Flammable HC/alcohol blends in appropriately designed explosion-rated equipment –Replacement of materials not compatible with HCFC solvents

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 14 TEAP/HTOC Decision XIX/16: Study on Regional Imbalances in the Availability of Halons

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 15 Decision XIX/16 - Update The TEAP report is not ready for presentation at MOP-20 owing to the limited availability of country data and the late start of the MLF Banking Study –The MLF Banking Study commenced October 2008 and a peer review draft is anticipated by end 2008 –Additional country data has been received since OEWG-28, and HTOC members have been obtaining additional data from their own regional contacts HTOC will meet in March 2009 to finalise the report for TEAP review and for presentation to the OEWG-29

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 16 TEAP / RTOC Decision XIX/8 Application of HCFC Alternatives at High Ambient Temperatures

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 17 Decision XIX/8 At MOP-19 in Montreal, Decision XIX/8 was taken related to HCFC alternatives and specific climatic conditions: To request the TEAP to conduct a scoping study addressing the prospects for the promotion and acceptance of alternatives to HCFCs in the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors in Article 5 Parties, with specific reference to specific climatic conditions and unique operating conditions, such as those in mines that are not open pit mines, in some Article 5 Parties; To request the TEAP to provide a summary of the outcome of the study referred to in the preceding paragraph in its 2008 progress report with a view to identifying areas requiring more detailed study of the alternatives available and their applicability.

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 18 Status of scoping study Decision XIX/8 asks for guidance on the replacements for HCFC-22, which is a commonly used refrigerant under hot ambient conditions The RTOC co-chairs assembled an RTOC sub-committee (6 experts including 2 from an Article 5 Party) Delay in 2008 occurred due to –difficulties encountered in gathering accurate commercial product data from different countries –logistic difficulties related to the restructuring of the RTOC committee for the 2010 Assessment Report –logistic difficulties in planning travels to South Africa

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 19 Analyses for the scoping study (1) Analyses are being performed regarding the impacts of elevated temperatures when applying candidate HCFC alternative refrigerants (both commercialised and newly proposed ones) on: –capacity and efficiency in representative equipment (mostly via cycle refrigeration models) –capacity and efficiency data from commercially available equipment

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 20 Analyses for the scoping study (2) Difficulties have been and are encountered where it concerns: data gathering from applicable Article 5 Parties on the present practices and the problems encountered consistent analyses for unconventional refrigerant candidates lack of reliable data for specialised equipment and the servicing of this equipment Logistics, time scale and funding issues are prohibitive for the convening of TEAP/RTOC special-purpose meeting(s)

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 21 Timeline for completion The scoping study will be open for technical review after January 2009 The scoping study will be part of the April/May TEAP 2009 Progress Report

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 22 Update of the TEAP Task Force on CTC Emissions

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 23 CTC emissions calculated from atmospheric abundances and reported production

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 24 Unexplained CTC emissions Recent atmospheric measurements of CTC concentrations have remained high despite phase-out To reconcile bottom-up and estimates from atmospheric concentrations the Task Force developed a model The model reconciles bottom-up and emission estimates for 1999, but cannot explain recent values Therefore TEAP and its CTOC conclude that there must be substantial unreported emissions CTOC will investigate what sources these might be

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 25 Model for CTC emissions The model considers emissions arising from: Total production Feedstock uses Controlled consumption –Emissive uses –Process agents Imports Destruction The model is based on: figures reported to the Ozone Secretariat Different emission factors for each step depending on whether A5 or non-A5 Parties

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 26 Emissions from Bottom-Up and Atmospheric Models

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 27 Conclusions –The rapid decrease in model-estimated bottom-up emissions is significantly lower than emissions derived from atmospheric measurements for the range of scientifically determined atmospheric lifetimes –The decrease in emissions from controlled uses seems to being compensated by a rapidly growing new source –More work needs to be done, i.e., explore high growth products such as HCFC-22, which may require co- production of CTC with chloroform

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 28 TEAP Administrative issues

T E A P a t M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l M O P - 2 0, N o v , D o h a 29 TEAP/ TOC Organisation issues TEAP requests US $100 k budget for 2009 –For travel and meeting expenses; never for consulting fees or wages; only if approved by TEAP co-chairs & UNEP secretariat –Without budget, TEAP and TOCs will be unable to complete assignments Sergey Kopylov proposed as Co-Chair of the Halons TOC –Nominated by the Russian Federation –Recommended by TEAP Positions available –Experts in nutsedge control, orchard replant, forestry and nursery propagation for the MBTOC –Experts in aviation fire protection for the HTOC –Experts in several refrigeration and AC sub-sectors (including high ambient temperature experts) for the RTOC