Welcome to Unit 1 Seminar! 1

Where Are You? 2

Pennsylvania 3

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Kaplan Flex Seminar 5

Flex Seminars Option 1 Purpose Conduct in Live Seminar Seminars are recorded Option to attend different instructors Option 2 Review of taped seminar Takes place of attending live seminar Tougher grading criteria Minimum words per question 6

Diseases of the Human Body Syllabus 7

Syllabus Located in document sharing Read it well All grading criteria is listed Expectations are clear Make note of due dates 8

Instant Messaging AIM CindyBalevre 9

Projects 10

Announcements Updates Unit reviews Projects Facts and resources Keeping you informed Please check daily/regularly 11

Discussion Boards 12

Discussion Boards Post by Saturday Respond to 2 or more fellow students by Tuesday Total of 3 separate days Don’t forget to check spelling Stay on topic; do not stray At least 100 words for initial post At least 75 words for responses to classmates. 13

Posting Early 14

Grading 15

Where Can You Find Me? 16

Late policies! EVERYTHING IS DUE TUESDAY NIGHT AT 11:59 PM See syllabus for attendance policy See syllabus for late work policy 17

Plagiarism Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

APA/Reference Assignments/Projects Must be submitted in Microsoft Word Plagiarism See syllabus See Kaplan University Catalog See Reference anything that is not YOUR OWN Kaplan’s writing center is awesome for follow up Also Kaplan’s library 01/ 19

Success 20

Participation 21

Chapter 1 Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment Chapter 2 Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Pathology at First Glance Homeostasis: internal stability of the body Pathology: abnormal condition causing measurable changes in structure and function Pathogenesis: development of disease in stage s

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Pathology at First Glance (cont’d.) Systemic health: Internal equilibrium Disease state: Inability to adapt to internal/external stressors or challenges Syndrome: Defined collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Pathology at First Glance (cont’d.) Signs Abnormal objective findings Examples: redness, swelling, purulent discharge, fever Symptoms Subjective patient reports Examples: difficulty swallowing, pain, fatigue, headache

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Pathology at First Glance (cont’d.) Acute Illness onset is usually abrupt symptoms present themselves over hours to days duration brief (<6 months) Chronic Illness onset is slower symptoms persist from acute/subacute phases duration indefinite (> 6 months)

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Mechanisms of Disease Genetic Diseases Genetic mutations: changes in the genetic code that: – are passed from one generation to the next – may occur spontaneously – may be caused by agents that disrupt the normal DNA sequence

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Developmental Characteristics Developmental Process – Fertilization and Conception – Prenatal stages embryonic – initial 2 months of gestation fetal – remainder of gestation until birth Perinatal: during the birth process Postnatal (neonatal): up to one month after birth

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Congenital Anomalies Abnormal developmental process – Causes: genetic, non-genetic, or both – Results: physical or mental defects – May be present at birth, diagnosed later – Often occur in multiple

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Methods of Prenatal Diagnosis Amniocentesis – Take amniotic fluid sample between 15 and 18 weeks gestation. – Test cells for chromosomal abnormalities or presence of abnormal substances. Ultrasound – Identify spine and skull abnormalities in early pregnancy.

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Prematurity Birth before 37 weeks gestation Low weight (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) Incomplete development of organ systems Leading cause of death in neonatal period High-risk infants

Case Study Sarah, age 68, was recently widowed after 40 years of marriage. She reports that since her husband died she has started to smoke again. She also reports difficulty sleeping, more pain from her rheumatoid arthritis, and episodes of shortness of breath. She begins to cry when asked about her usual daily activities and hobbies. She has stopped taking her blood pressure medication over the last month and avoids discussing her financial status. What risk factors are present that may predispose her to an altered health status? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32

Case Study The physician has just given Linda a new prescription for relief of her arthritis pain. She has many questions about the medication and how it may affect her. What information should be included in her patient teaching and who should conduct the patient teaching? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33

Case Study Advances in technology may help infants with early gestational age and/or low birth weight survive. Good prenatal care improves their chances, but there are still risks for infants born prematurely. How would you describe, under the direction of the physician, the health risks and special ‑ care challenges preterm infants face that would help expectant parents understand the importance of good prenatal care? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34

Case Study You have never been immunized for varicella (chickenpox), and you cannot remember having the disease as a child. You are assigned to work in a pediatric clinic today and have been asked to take a 6 ‑ year ‑ old to an examination room. The child has had fever, headache, and chest rash for two days. What should you do? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35

Case Study You are asked to place an HIV positive patient in an exam room and obtain vital signs. The patient brings into the exam room a requested urine specimen. What infection control precautions should you be using in this situation? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36

Questions? Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37