Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein

What is the cause of autism?

Dendrites Axon Cell body

Neural activity

Modularity

Developmental disorder Brain development movie

Nature versus nurture Genes or Environment?

Genetics Control > ASD

DNA sequencing Control > ASD

Identify meaningful mutation Control > ASD Substitution Deletion Insertion

Determine the function of the gene What is the function of the protein that the gene encodes? Is it involved in neural transmission? Neural development? Synaptic development? Bourgeron 2009

Create a genetically modified animal model Control > ASD Compare animals with extremely similar genetics except for a specific modification.

Perform behavioral experiments Control > ASD Testing social behavior in mice

In vitro electrophysiology Control > ASD

In vivo electrophysiology Control > ASD

Electrical properties of cells & networks Control > ASD

Electrode location Control > ASD

Cellular morphology and connectivity Control > ASD

What about humans? Human genetics – SFARI, Autism Speaks Neuroimaging – MRI, fMRI, DTI Electrophysiology – EEG Post mortem

Human genetics

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Anatomy - Separating tissues 1T1T2T2T

Anatomy – Cortical thickness

Anatomy – Cortical folding

Anatomy – white matter Tractography Fiber volume Fiber length

Electroencephalogram - EEG Control > ASD

EEG and epilepsy Spence, Pediatrics Res 2009 Control > ASD Epileptiform activity Epileptic seizure

Post mortem studies Brain slices: Control > ASD

Post mortem studies Cellular morphology Control > ASD

Post mortem studies Neural numbers and organization Control > ASD

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