20/09/20151 The renewable energies A hope for the future? 11 April 2008 ZARDOUA Brahim Magistère PCM1 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan

20/09/20152 The renewable energies Home I. Renewable energy. Why? 1. Energy : Present and future 2. Global warming 3. Effects on environment II. Different forms of renewable energy 1. What does « renewable energy » mean again? 2. Various forms of renewable energy (Solar power, geothermal power, wind power, hydroelectric power, biomass, biogas...) III. Conclusion

20/09/20153 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 1. Energy : Present and future

20/09/20154 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 1. Energy : Present and future 1 Gtep = 42 GJ

20/09/20155 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 2. Global warming

20/09/20156 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting

20/09/20157 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting Most powerful and frequent hurricanes

20/09/20158 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting Most powerful and frequent hurricanes Drought

20/09/20159 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 1. What does « renewable energy » mean again ?  Natural sources  Clean, available, and economical  Heat and electricity  Various forms : solar power, water power, geothermal power, wind power, biomass, biogas...

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy a. Solar power Solar power tower (10MW), California Solar power tower (11MW), Seville Photovoltaic panels (electricity) Solar thermal panels (hot water)

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy a. Solar power Parabolic Trough Solar (electricity)

20/09/ Home II.Different forms renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power  Clean, sainstable and reusable  Electricity, hot water, space heating  Iceland : 17% electricity 87% hot water Krafla Geothermal Station in Northest of Iceland

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network A surface or very low-temperature source (T less than 30°C) : to heat a building (geothermal heat pump)

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network A surface or very low-temperature source (T less than 30°C) : to heat a building (geothermal heat pump)

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energies c. Wind power Electricity Clean, available Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Cheap Wind turbine : 1MW Offshore wind turbines near Copenhagen

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy d. Hydroelectric power Electricity => hydroelectricity No carbon dioxide, no greenhouse gas emissions 19% of world electricity 75% of renewable The Three Gorges Dam (22,5 GW), China

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas  Decomposing organic matter  Applications : Domestic heating, electricity production  Carbon neutral  Biogas : methanization, fermentation of biomass

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas Biofuel : an alternative to petroleum ?

20/09/ Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas

20/09/ Thank you for your attention Do you have questions ?

20/09/ Links and references Gaz De France : US department of energy : « Energie et Environnement », by D. Sylvain teacher in IPN (Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay), researcher in CNRS energy/bioenergy.html