Review: How is your body organized? Similar cells are grouped together to form a tissue (epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective) different tissues are grouped together to form organs (ex. stomach) organs that work together to perform a specific function make up a system (ex. digestive system a includes organs Tissue Organ Organ System

What is the function of your Digestive System? - The cells in your body need a source of energy in order to function properly; there has to be a way to get the energy out of the environment and into your cells. - The food you eat provides your cells with the energy they need for daily function; his is stored in the chemical bonds of the food`s molecules. - The function of your digestive system is to break down food into pieces (molecules) that are small enough to enter your cells, so that they may be used as an energy source.

Nutrition Unit

Nutrition involves all the processes involved in the absorption, use and elimination of the substances needed to keep our bodies in good working order. This involves: 1) Digestive System: needed to transform the food we eat into nutrients our cells can use. 2) Respiratory System: oxygen is needed to transform the nutrients we eat into chemical energy 3) Circulatory System: our blood circulates the nutrients and oxygen to our cells. 4) Excretory System: needed to filter our blood and eliminate waste in liquid form Nutrition

Essential Nutrients To function, the human body must have nutrients. The nutrients known to be essential for human beings are: 1) proteins 2) carbohydrates (all sugars and starches) - this includes Fiber. 3) fats 4) water 5) vitamins 6) minerals A nutrient is a substance found in food that is used by the body to meet important needs.

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Water

Vitamins

Minerals

The Energy Value of Food A joule (J) is the typical measurement unit for energy; With food, however, calories (cal) are commonly used to measure the energy content of foods. 1 cal = ~ 4000 J or 4 kJ (kilojoules) Energy is used for everything we do, from breathing to talking and even sleeping!

Average Energy Content in Nutrients NutrientEnergy Content KJ / gCal / g Carbohydrate174 Fats379 Proteins174 Waternil Vitaminsnil Mineralsnil

Energy Output for Various Activities Activity (1 hour)Required Calories Sleeping or resting60 Sitting90 Standing120 Walking170 RunningOver 300

Energy Requirements The amount of energy you need to perform your daily activities determines the amount of food you should eat. This is different for every person depending on: –Age –Sex –Weight –Level of physical activity A typical adolescent girl requires calories/day A typical adolescent boy requires calories/day

Energy Value Carbohydrates and fats are the body’s major source of energy Proteins are mostly used to build and repair body tissue, but may be sometimes used as an energy source if there are not enough carbohydrates or fats to meet our energy needs. Water, vitamins and minerals are NOT sources of energy

Canada’s Food Guide

Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip How many calories are from Fats? How many calories are from Carbs? How many calories are from Proteins? How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories?

How many calories are from Fats? How many calories are from Carbs? How many calories are from Proteins? How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories? Hershey's Chocolate Bar, Special Dark Chocolate

Breyers Ice Cream, All Natural Light Mint Chocolate Chip How many calories are from Fats? 9 Cal x 4.82g = Cal How many calories are from Carbs? 4 Cal x 19.31g = Cal How many calories are from Proteins? 4 Cal x 3.19g12.76 Cal 4 Cal x 3.19g = Cal = Calories per ½ cup. = Calories per ½ cup. How many hours of running would you have to do to burn this amount of calories? Just under ½ hour of running with your heart rate over 120 beats / min.