Overview of Linking: DOI and CrossRef 2002 NFAIS Annual Conference NFAIS/NISO Linking Workshop February 24, 2002 Philadelphia Edward Pentz Executive Director CrossRef

2 What is CrossRef? An independent, non-profit membership organization for pre-competitive cooperation A cross-publisher network for article-level linking based on DOIs IDF Registration Agency –There are now four DOI registration agencies, but CrossRef is the only one whose mission is to implement citation linking and serve the scholarly community

3 Key benefits of the CrossRef/DOI system One process - reduces technology problem No bilateral linking agreements needed »An agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement with all CrossRef publishers A DOI link is a persistent link, unlike a URL »No stale links in citations or database records. Publishers can update URLs in one location »Interoperability – ISSNs, ISBNs, SICIs, PIIs Infrastructure for standardized metadata and services Publishers maintain their own business models while adding value to content

4 What does CrossRef do? Uses DOI system to make linking to full text scholarly journal articles efficient, manageable, and reliable –Links are between online journals, from secondary database records and from library pages –Outbound links: add end-user utility to content –Inbound links: bring more users to content –Mission: to be the complete citation linking backbone for all scholarly literature in electronic form

5 Who is CrossRef? CrossRef is a collaborative, non-profit, independent membership organization that employs open standards Members: Any publisher of original scholarly material in electronic form Libraries: Enrich online catalogues with outgoing links to full text, and increase use of digital archives with incoming links. Affiliates and agents: Secondary publishers and journal hosting services are enhancing their products with DOI-based citation links.

6 Participants Libraries: Max Planck Institute, Stuttgart; KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology), Boston College Affiliates: Maruzen, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Dialog, IFIS (International Food Information Service), Fiz Karlsruhe, reviews.com, Swets Blackwell, KINS (Korea Info-New Service), EBSCO Agents: Allen Press, BioOne, American Institute of Physics, Catchword/ingenta, HighWire, MetaPress

7 How does CrossRef work? Publishers deposit metadata (in XML) for online articles with CrossRef, including a DOI and URL Members and affiliates then query the central metadata database to find the DOI matching the reference from which they want to create a link If there is a match, they retrieve the DOI and add it to their electronic record...

8 How does CrossRef work? In an online article, a researcher sees and clicks the DOI link (it may say CrossRef or just Article) The DOI resolves to the URL registered by the publisher –terms of access to the full text are set by the publisher -- in most cases, if the user is entitled to access, she goes straight to the full text of the article –Most publishers take non-subscribers to the abstract Full bibliographic citation and information on getting the article at a minimum

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16 DOI Directory Prefix Suffix

Online article at Publisher A website End User DOI Directory (Handle System) Online article at Publisher B website 1.User reads Publisher A journal article 2. User clicks on DOI reference link 3. URL/location returned 4. User accesses cited article at Publisher B website Citation linking using DOIs

18 Is it working? YES! 102 member publishers, and 40 library or other affiliates More than 5,000 journals in the system Over 4.3 million articles registered More than 80% of the publishers are currently depositing and 40% retrieving 600,000 – 700,000 DOI resolutions per month 500,000 – 1 million articles per year

19 Summary: Advantages of Using DOI Persistent identifier You only update your own URL changes in one location External links easier - no need to update Works across platforms and content types Permits enhanced linking –OpenURL-aware Localized Linking –Parameter Passing using OpenURL syntax –Multiple resolution URLs are a dead end –IDEAL ScienceDirect

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21 Next Steps Expansion of content types –conference proceedings and reference works –enable citation linking and drive traffic to, and sales of, proceedings papers and book chapters. Parameter Passing –Extra information sent along with a DOI –(1) track originating journal (2) customize response pages (3) add return buttons, (4) institute special trading rules –OpenURL will be used for CrossRef parameters

22 Parameter Example [ Referent ] Bergelson, J Isolation of a common receptor for coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5. Science. (275) [ Referring-Entity ] McArthur, James G. et al p27-p16 Chimera: A Superior Antiproliferative for the Prevention of Neointimal Hyperplasia. Molecular Therapy. 3(1).

23 & ref_id = doi: /science & rfr_id = dns:crossref.org:idealibrary.com & rfe_id = doi: /mthe & rfe_id = issn: & adm_ver = 1.0 & adm_tim = T14:20:03Z & adm_pid = cr_setver, 01 ; cr_encrypt, cx1Dk0f1ud58jlKfdsAifhe23swkHG^s ; cr_saltver, 01 ; cr_tstamp, ; cr_orig, idealibrary.com ; cr_origDOI, /mthe ; cr_retURL, ; cr_retURLtext, Click Here ; cr_doctype, html ; cr_title, Molecular Therapy ; cr_pub, Academic Press ;

24 Multiple resolution What: A single DOI associated with many possible actions What for: Could include (1) multiple URLs for dispersed mirror sites, (2) pointer to a metadata record, (3) access to sub-parts of an article, such as abstract or references only, (4) address, (5) different versions (get html or get pdf), (5) author bio, (6) rights information, etc…

25 Multiple Resolution for Journals and Conference Proceedings

26 CrossRef and Standards Guidelines for DOIs in citations, online and print journals –DOIs will be required for primary and secondary resources DOIs for journal titles, books and other types of material ONIX/ONIX for Serials –Standardized metadata for exchange of information –No one format will server all purposes – mapping is necessary

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28 Conclusion Power of collaboration and network effects Identifiers and standards (XML, DOI, OpenURL, ONIX) Publishers cooperated and moved quickly –Libraries, secondaries and agents now actively involved Continued collaboration needed to improve the scholarly communication process

29 the central source for reference linking dont be the missing link Ed Pentz