Indonesian Science and Technology Indicator Country Report Presented in: 2011 South East Asian Regional Workshop On Science, Technology, and Innovation Indicators Hanoi, Vietnam, December 5-8, 2011 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Center for Science and Technology Development Studies (PAPPIPTEK) Nani Grace Berliana Simamora

CONTENTS Collecting R&D Statistics 2 R&D Survey in Manufacturing Industry a 5 1 Our Future Plans 4 Indonesian Science and Technology Indicator 1 General Issues in Conducting Surveys 3 R&D Survey in Higher Education b

Indonesian S&T Indicator

(STAID NSF & OECD Project) Main Indicator (secondary data) Main Indicator Insert R&D Survey Data: Government (2005), Manufacturing Industry ( ), Higher Education (2005) Main Indicator Insert R&D Survey Data: Government, Manufacturing Industry Higher Education (2006) Main Indicator + Supplement Insert R&D Survey Data: Government (2006), Manufacturing Industry (2008), Higher Educatio(2007), Biotechnology (2008), Public Perseption of Science and Technology (2008) Main Indicator Insert R&D Survey Data: Government, Manufacturing Industri & Higher Education (2010) MAIN INDICATOR 1.Economy and Technology Intensity 2.S&T in Government Sector 3.S&T in Manufacturing Industry Sector 4.Provisioning Educated Manpower and S&T Activities in Universities 5.Outputs of S&T Activities INDONESIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INDICATOR

THE UTILIZATION OF INDONESIAN S&T INDICATOR Public Perseption of Science and Technology R&D Activities in Manufacturing Industri R&D activities in Higher Education S&T ISSUES SECTOR The Map of R&D Biotechnology ( Innovation in ) Manufacturing Industry National Development Planning Agency (RPJP, RPJMN) Ministry of Research and Technology (Strategic Planning ) The International Agency: Unesco R&D activities in Government

CONDUCTING THE SURVEY COLLECTING R&D STATISTICS Manufacturing Industry Sector R&D Activities Survey Innovation Survey R&D Activities Survey Innovation Survey Higher Education Sector R&D Activities Survey Government Sector Government Sector Business enterprise (exc. manufacturing industry) & Private non profit sector Business enterprise (exc. manufacturing industry) & Private non profit sector NO Data base to develop the population

OUR GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND QUESTIONNAIRE

R&D Survey in Manufacturing Industry

SCOPE OF THE SURVEY The enterprise (public and private) with classified into the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Medium and large scale manufacturing enterprise (definition by BPS-statistic Indonesia) Medium scale 20 – 99 workforce Large scale 100 or more Medium and large scale manufacturing enterprise (definition by BPS-statistic Indonesia) Medium scale 20 – 99 workforce Large scale 100 or more

CENSUS SURVEY Manufacturing Census by Statistics Indonesia 1,228 companies (return rate 40%) R&D survey 2006 Secondary data from: Ministry of Research and Technology Indonesian Chamber for Commerce and Industries Ministry of Trading and Industry Companies performing R&D activity

RESPOND RATE BY ISIC 3,013 samples 1,581 firm (Responds Rate 52.5%) perform R&D activity: 375 (12%)

MAIN FINDINGS - EXPENDITURE Estimation 3) : R & D Expenditure in 2009: IDR 800 Billions Estimation 3) : R & D Expenditure in 2009: IDR 800 Billions 1)Intramural expenditures R & D expenditures are used to finance activities R & D performed by the company 2)Extramural expenditures R & D expenditure are used to finance activities R&D performed by others 3)Based on statistical calculation (confidence interval + variance of ISIC) Source: R&D activities survey in Manufacturing Industry, 2010

MAIN FINDINGS – R&D PERSONNEL The Majority of R&D personnel in manufacturing industry had diploma degrees. R&D personnel with natural science and engineering background, mostly worked in the field of production engineering & R&D unit. Source: R&D activities survey in Manufacturing Industry, 2010

R&D Survey in Higher Education

COVERAGE Higher Education University (50) Faculty (442) Research Center (50) Community Service Center (50) Polytechnic (25) Covers: R&D Expenditure R&D Personnel Covers: R&D Expenditure R&D Personnel Response Rate: 87%

UNIVERSITY COVERAGE Syah Kuala Malikussaleh Medan State Sumatera Utara Riau Padang State Andalas Jambi Bengkulu Sriwijaya Lampung SultanAgeng Tirtayasa Indonesia Jakarta State Bogor Agricultural ITB Padjadjaran UPI Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta State Diponegoro Semarang State Jend Soedirman Sebelas maret 10 November Airlangga Surabaya State Brawijaya Jember Malang state Ganesha Udayana Mataram Nusa Cendana Tanjungpura Palangkaraya Lambung Mangkurat Mulawarman Trunojoyo Sam Ratulangi Manado State Gorontalo State Tadulako Haluoleo Hasanudin Makasar State Khairun Pattimura Papua State Cenderawasih Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009

In terms of its sources, most R&D expenditures originated from domestic sources which reached 95,75%. Most of this fund came from Directorate General of Higher Education 65,53%. Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009c MAIN FINDINGS: EXPENDITURE BY SOURCE

The Majority of R&D expenditure was allocated for applied research (56.70%), the remaining were for experimental development (20,40%) and basic research (22,90%) MAIN FINDINGS: EXPENDITURE BY TYPE Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009

Total: 42,083 R&D personnel Total: 42,083 R&D personnel MAIN FINDINGS: R&D PERSONNEL Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009

Expenditure for R&D Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) GERD as percentage of GDP Contributions of Government and Private Sector of GDP CONTRIBUTOR: S&T INDICATOR TEAM, PAPPIPTEK - INDONESIA

GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD) GERDRp. 4,720,341,818,344 GDPRp. 5,613,441,700,000,000 GERD/GDP0.08% National GERD and GERD/GDP Ratio, 2009 Source: R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2010), and Government sector (2006) Note: 1) Based on R&D Survey in University Sector, ) Based on R&D Survey in Industry Sector, ) Based on R&D Survey in Government Sector, 2008* * the estimates with an average growth rate Goverment R&D budget since Shows that the breakdowon of R&D expenditure by sector in Government and Higher Education were the highest R&D expenditure with ratio of GERD 0,04% for Government and 0,03% for Higher Education. Manufacturing industry was a lowest

Human Resources Involved in R&D R&D Personnel Researcher by Sector – Headcount Researcher by Sector – FTE CONTRIBUTOR: S&T INDICATOR TEAM, PAPPIPTEK - INDONESIA

R&D PERSONNEL Source: Estimation from R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2008), and Government sector (2006)

RESEARCHERS BY SECTOR - FTE SectorFTE Higher Education0.33 Manufacturing Industry1.00 Government0.56 Full-Time-Equivalent measuring assumption: In Higher Education based on Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi (lecturers have three main duty: Education, Research, and Community Service (FTE=1/3)) In Manufacturing Industry It is assumed that the researchers conducting R&D at all hours of work In Goverment based on survey in government sector Source: Estimation from R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2008), and Government sector (2006)

General Issues in Conducting Surveys

PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING SURVEY Manufacturing Industry Sector Weakness of the survey method. Database industries are incomplete and inadequate, Respondents' lack of knowledge about concepts R&D and types innovation, Limited access to obtain information from the Company. Higher Education Sector Various methods of R&D activities recording in some universities Some R&D activities werent recorded

OUR FUTURE PLANS To conduct the survey biannually To develop database of manufacturing industry that perform R&D activity To conduct in-depth studies

Thank You Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Center for Science and Technology Development Studies (PAPPIPTEK)