1 The FRBR Model (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) A presentation by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett June 15, 2002 for ALA ALCTS CCS CC:DA Atlanta, Georgia

2 What Are We Cataloging? Library collections –Books –Serials –Maps, globes, etc –Manuscripts. –Musical scores –A-V sound recordings motion pictures photographs, slides –Multimedia –Remote digital materials

3 Objectives of Catalogs Cutters objectives for the catalog –Finding - description and access standards –Collocating - controlled vocabularies for precision of searching

4 User Tasks - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate Other possible tasks: –Attribute Royalties to –Preserve

5 Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes FRBR relationship Entity 1Entity 2

6 FRBR Entities Group 1 : Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor –Work –Expression –Manifestation –Item

7 FRBR Entities Group 2 : Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content –Person –Corporate body

8 FRBR Entities Group 3 : Subjects of works –Groups 1 & 2 plus –Concept –Object –Event –Place

9 Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by Group 1 recursive one many FRBR

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11 FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition PaperPDFHTML The Movie Orig. Version

12 FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Novel Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition PaperPDFHTML The Movie Orig. Version Family of works

13 Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR2 (JSC) Task Force on Format Variation –Expression-based records –Links with manifestation records –Use of citations/uniform titles Update AACR terminology to use FRBR terms: –Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item

14 Modes of Expression Alpha-numeric Music notation Other notation (e.g., choreographic) Sound Still image Moving image Three-dimensional object Combinations of above FRBR

15 Group 1 - Relationships Inherent to the Entities Work is realized by an expression –Expression is embodied in a manifestation Manifestation is exemplified by an item –Item FRBR

16 Relationships - Work/Expression w 1 Charles Dickens A Christmas carol e 1 the authors original English text e 2 a Tamil translation by V.A. Venkatachari FRBR, p. 59 is realized by FRBR

17 Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation w 1 J.S. Bachs Goldberg variations e 1 performance by Glen Gould in 1981 m 1 recording released on 33 1/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records m 2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony m 3 digitization of the Sony re-release as MP3 in 2000 Based on FRBR, p. 59 is embodied in FRBR

18 Relationships - Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item w 1 Lost treasures of the world e 1 the interactive electronic resource m 1 the CD published in 1994 by Follgard CD- Visions i 1 first copy held by Calgary Public Library i 2 second copy held by Calgary Public Library FRBR, p. 60 is exemplified by FRBR

19 FRBR Group 1 Content Relationships Equivalent Derivative Descriptive Work to work relationships are inherited by hierarchically related Expressions Manifestations Items

Same Expression New Expression Work New Work B. Tillett Dec. 2001

21 Whole-Part Relationships Components Aggregates

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23 Part-to-Part Relationships Component to component –Sequential Relationship –Accompanying Relationship (or Companion Relationship) Dependent Independent

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25 Shared Characteristics Relationships Different works sharing an element (attribute) in common

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27 Attributes Work –ID –Title –Date –etc. Expression –ID –Title –Form –Date –Language –etc. Manifestation –ID –Title –Statement of responsibility –Edition –Imprint (place, publisher, date) –Form/extent of carrier –Terms of availability –Mode of access –etc. Item –ID –Provenance –Location –etc. FRBR

28 Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 many Person Corporate Body is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by FRBR

29 Relationships - Person/Work w 1 The shepheardes calendar w 2 The faerie queen w 3 Astrophel … etc. p 1 Edmund Spenser FRBR, p. 61 created by FRBR

30 Relationships - Corporate Body/Expression e 1 a 1980 performance of Allegris Miserere e 2 a 1986 performance of Josquins Missa pange lingua e 3 a 1989 performance of Lassus Missa osculetur me... cb 1 The Tallis Scholars FRBR, p. 61 realized by FRBR

31 Relationships - Corporate Body/Manifestation m 1 the 1965 publication by Coach House Press of Wayne Cliffords Man in a window m 2 the 1966 publication by Coach House Press of Joe Rosenblatts The LSD Leacock m 3 the 1966 publication by Coach House Press of Henry Beissels New wings for Icarus... cb 1 Coach House Press FRBR, p. 62 produced by FRBR

32 Relationships - Corporate Body/Item i 1 a copy of the Penkill Proofs of D.G. Rossettis Poems printed in August 1869, with manuscript annotations by the author i 2 a copy of the A Proofs of D.G. Rossettis Poems printed in September 1869, with manuscript annotations by the author... cb 1 Princeton University Library FRBR, p. 62 owned by FRBR

33 Work Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject FRBR

34 Relationships - Subject/Work c 1 Romanticism w 1 Morse Peckhams Beyond the Tragic Vision w 2 Romanticism reconsidered, edited by Northrup Frye... FRBR, p. 63 is the subject of FRBR

35 FRBR Relations (Subject, Author, Adaptation, Translation, Part-of) between Objects (Works, Person and Expression) from VisualCat, (c) Portia 2000 P. H. Jørgensen FRBR & RDF (Rome Nov. 14, 2001) RDF FRBR relations Shakespeare Banks, George All about Shakespeare Elsinore Romeo and Juliet Hamlet Hamlet - Kenneth Branagh film Om digterens liv og værker; Hamlet Shakespeare Samlede værker Adaptation Translation Part of Subject: Place Subject: Person Author

36 Person Corporate Body Expression Manifestation Item Work Concept Object Event Place Uniform titles/Citations Names Subjects Entities Surrogates

37 DRAFT FRANAR extension to FRBR Real World Entities: e.g., Individual Group Event Content Object Concept Place Time FRBR Entities: Person Family Corp.Body Work Expression Manifestation Item Name Identifier Access Point Heading Target Tracing Rules Authority record Reference record Explanatory heading Explanatory record Agency May 2002

38 Virtual International Authority File (OAI Model)

39 Semantic Web Building Blocks End-user Ontologies Web search engines Digital world

40 International Code for Bibliographic Description and Access IFLA Conferences Collaboration with ICA, ISO, DC, W3C, etc. Goal = Collaborative use in multiple environments –consistency –trust –authority

41 FRBR futures Terminology Concepts –Entities –Relationships –Attributes Goals of bibliographic control –Finding –Collocating

42 Thank you! Slides 10, 20, 22, 24, 26 were published in Barbara B. Tillett, Bibliographic Relationships. In Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, © 2001 All Rights Reserved. If these images are reused, please include this citation.