Integumentary System (the skin, hair, and nails) Integument = covering Sports Training and Physiology Kociuba

Integumentary System - Objectives Recall the structures of the Integumentary system Discuss all the major functions of the integumentary system Explain the dangers your body may encounter with the integumentary system Describe how the integumentary system changes as you age

Structure of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue

Epidermis Has no blood vessels It is nourished by the dermis and the diffusion of the capillaries that are close to the surface of the dermis Typically cells are called keratinocytes because the produce keratin which makes cells hard Exfoliating gets rid of the Epidermis

Are you thick skinned? Skin is classified as thick or thin based upon the epidermis. Most skin found on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet are thick. –Found in areas subject to much pressure Thin skin is found around the rest of your body –More flexible than thick skin.

Dermis The dermis is connective tissue with blood vessels providing nourishment The main connective tissue that is found in the dermis is collagen It resides under the Epidermis and is considered “new skin”

Subcutaneous/Hypo Dermis Not considered part of the skin Mainly adipose tissue (fat) Approx ½ of our stored fat is found in this layer The subcutaneous tissue connects the skin to the underlying bone and muscle

Accessory Skin Structures Hair Structure –Shaft: protrudes above the surface of the skin –Root: below the surface –Hair bulb: base of the root –Hair follicle: tube like bulb where the hair develops

Accessory Skin Structures Nails –Body –Root –Fold –Cuticle –Bed **Consist of dead cells and hard keratin

Functions of the Integumentary System Protection –Infection –Abrasions –Ultraviolet light Sensation –Detect heat, cold, pressure and pain Temperature Regulation –Sweat Vitamin D production –When exposed to ultraviolet light, produces a molecule that can make vitamin D Excretion –Small amounts of waste can be excreted through glands in the skin Sweat

Skin Cancer (3 types) Basal Cell Carcinoma –Most common Squamous Cell Carcinoma –Second Most Common Melanoma –Least Common –Most Deadly

Early Detection - ABCDE A: Asymmetry (one side doesn’t match the other) B: Border Irregularity (edges are ragged, notched, or blurred) C: Color (pigmentation is not uniform) D: Diameter (greater than 6mm) E: Evolving (lesion changes over time)

Aging and the Skin Epidermis thins as you age The collagen production in the dermis decreases (wrinkling) Decrease in elastic fibers in the dermis (wrinkling) Age spots Grey or white hair (melanin production decreases)