HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics A lesson plan from Making Population Real by the Population Reference Bureau Supported by the World Population Fund of the Minneapolis Foundation

Todays Agenda 1. Introduce objectives and teaching standards 2. Provide a brief global overview on HIV/AIDS 3. Construct chloropleth maps of AIDS rates by U.S. states 4. Discuss the patterns revealed 5. Introduce Making Population Real and PRB

Making Population Real - Module 4: HIV/AIDS and Population Issues AIDS/HIV Effects of income, age, gender, etc. on disease rates Population Concepts Changing death rates Regional differences in populations Tools Line graphs Choropleth maps

Objectives To describe the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS at multiple scales To explain global and regional variations in occurrence of HIV/AIDS To understand the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States

Teaching Standards AP Geography Standard Addressed Unit II– Population Unit B. Population growth and decline over time and space 3. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of these lesson plans

HIV-AIDS Weakens the Immune System Opportunistic infections: Pneumonia Meningitis Some cancers Tuberculosis (TB) Other parasitic, viral and fungal infections that weaken the immune system

Global Estimates – HIV/AIDS People now living with HIV 40 million New HIV infections in million AIDS deaths up to million

Growth of the AIDS Epidemic *Western and Central Europe & North America. Source: UNAIDS/WHO, People With HIV/AIDS, Cumulative Regional Totals Millions

Poverty and HIV-AIDS Inadequate access to accurate information or prevention services Seeing no alternative besides sex work, for some women Labor migration – leads to increased vulnerability and spread of HIV Once infected, inadequate access to health care and treatment Vicious cycle of poverty, such as children orphaned because of AIDS

What is a Choropleth Map? (Area Value Map) Reveals patterns in data by showing the distribution of a factor in selected area For example, the map on the next slide compares the prevalence of AIDS in nations worldwide

Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, Map of HIV Prevalence Worldwide Adults Ages w/ HIV 15.01% % 5.01% % 1.01% - 5.0% 0.51% - 1.0% 0.0% - 0.5% Not available 2005

Looking at the U.S. States Are AIDS cases distributed evenly throughout the United States? Assignment: Construct a choropleth map of the rate per 100,000 of AIDS by state for 2002

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State Determine the range of data… 1. Examine the data to be mapped Omit DC since its not a state and so became outlier 2. Find the highest and lowest values for the data (see column 5 on data table) High = New York: 34.8/100,000 Low = North Dakota: 0.5/100, Subtract these two numbers to calculate the range of the data = 34.3 is range

AIDS Distribution by State

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State 4. Divide the range by the number of mapping categories you plan to use (typically 3 to 5) Adjust the limits to avoid fractions 34.3 / 5 = 6.86 OR 35 / 5 = 7 5. Assign a color to each category We have five categories: 0-7.9, , , , & Complete the map key (Assign a color to each range) 7. Sort the data (states) by category 8. Follow the key to shade each area according to the data values being mapped

Create a Choropleth Map of AIDS Distribution by State What patterns do the maps reveal? What causes these patterns?

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM EditionExtended Dataset), South Africas Total Population Projected With / Without AIDS Millions

AIDS Toll on Population Structure Population Structure in South Africa – 2020 Millions Males Females With AIDS Without AIDS Age Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (CD-ROM EditionExtended Dataset), 2005.

What did we cover? During the session, we explored the spread and occurrence of HIV/AIDS: At the global scale At the national scale Group mapping activity: United States (From Activity 2) By gender and age (Ex: graph of South Africa) Demonstrates patterns of population growth and decline over time and space

Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 4: HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics Activities: 1. HIV/AIDS–A Scourge of the Land Investigate regional AIDS data (online research) 2. Patterns of HIV/AIDS in the United States Graph changes in cause-of-death data Graph changes in death rate due to AIDS Create choropleth (shaded area) maps of state AIDS rates

Making Population Real Lesson Plans Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards The Demographic Transition – A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo People on the Move Global Migration Patterns

About Making Population Real Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date real- world data and articles from a variety of web- based resources: United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.) U.S. Census Bureau National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PRB research and publications Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education

Population Reference Bureau Informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations. Analyzes demographic data and research to provide objective, accurate, and up-to-date population information in a format that is easily understood by educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.