LRP WG5 Fundamental Interactions Nathal Severijns ( K.U.Leuven) for WG5 Town Meeting Madrid, June 1 - 3, /10/20141WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, WG5 members R. Calabrese (Italy) G. Drexlin (Germany) D. Horvath (Hungary) K. Kirch (Switzerland) K. Pachucki (Poland) F. Piquemal (France) S. Schoenert (Germany) N. Severijns (Belgium) R. Timmermans (The Netherlands) C. Volpe (France) C. Weinheimer (Germany) O. Zimmer (France) K. Jungmann (The Netherlands) E. Widmann (Austria) thanks to colleagues who contributed as non-WG5 member

2/10/2014 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, particles interactions symmetries

Key questions - What are the properties of the neutrino? - Which fundamental symmetries are conserved in nature? - What is the origin of the matter dominance in the universe? - Are there new sources of CP violation? - What are the properties of antimatter? - Are there other forces than the four known ones? - Are there new particles and what is their role in the universe? - What are the precise values of the fundamental constants? 2/10/20144WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010

3 Properties of known basic interactions - QED and fundamental constants (e.g. g-2, α, anti-H, H-like ions, … ) - QCD (exotic atoms) - Gravity (e.g. matter vs. antimatter behavior, … ) Key issues 2/10/20145WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, Fundamental Fermions - Neutrino oscillations and the neutrino mixing matrix - Neutrino masses (direct measurements and double beta decay exps.) - Quark mixing matrix and unitarity - New (time reversal invariant) interactions in nuclear and muon β-decays 2. Discrete symmetries - Parity violation - Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector (e.g. EDMs) - CPT and Lorentz invariance

1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance Future directions - overview 1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups 2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases 3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model Recommendations - overview 2/10/20146WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, Support for and from theory 3. Facilities

a. Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector a nonzero particle EDM violates P, T and, assuming CPT conservation, also CP investigate different systems, providing complementary information on different sources of CP violation some current EDM constraints : e.g. permanent EDMs matter – anti-matter asymmetry 1. Fundamental symmetries 2/10/20147WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, for p, d EDM exps. good prospects with ring (e.g. plans for COSY) - R- and D-corr. in decay PSI)

APV is complementary to parity-violating electron scattering ( A PV in graph ) for determining effective weak couplings of quarks and search for new physics beyond SM e.g. APV: test of the SM through measurements of the Weinberg angle b. Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions Future measurements: - trapped atoms and ions with enhanced APV effect, in casu Fr, Ba +, Ra + - measurements on series of isotopes 1. Fundamental symmetries 2/10/20148WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 Note: experiments at low energy very clean since radiative corrections are minimal

c. CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance CPT: e.g. spectroscopy of - antiprotonic atoms (pbar-p, pbar-He) (AD-CERN ) - antihydrogen (i.e. e + -pbar atom) AD-CERN 1. Fundamental symmetries close interaction with theorists is essential 2/10/20149WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 Lorentz violation: test frame dependence of observables Need for future facilities: ELENA, FLAIR

2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix Neutrino masses 2/10/201410WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 needs: - enrichment of isotopes - experiments to support matrix elements calculations - direct measurements: KATRIN spectrometer, sensitivity = 0.2 eV MARE calorimeters, phase-II sensit. = 0.2 eV Dirac or Majorana particle ?? - 0 decay: CUORE ( 130 Te), SuperNEMO ( 150 Nd or 82 Se), GERDA ( 76 Ge): sensitivity 0.05 – 0.3 eV hierarchy

2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix Neutrino mixing matrix: atmospheric reactor solar oscillation experiments (e.g. Double Chooz) determine size of 13 2/10/201411WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 if 13 large search for CP violation in lepton sector (phase ) superbeams, neutrino factories, beta-beams (esp. if 13 < 0.02) flavor eigenstates mass eigenstates

(61) (masses, decays theory, …) from K decays Future: - improve precision (spectroscopy, mass measurements) a. Precision measurements in decay 3. Electroweak interactions strong limits on physics beyond Standard Model e.g. - scalar currents - right-handed crts. A. CKM quark mixing matrix - neutron lifetime issue ! - new transitions (e.g. superallowed, T = 1/2 mirror ) 2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010

2/10/2014 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, search for non-SM weak interactions: - S & T currents - new V, A interactions (e.g. V+A) B. Correlation measurements in decay - neutron decay J a, A, B, R, … correlations with aSPECT, PERKEO, nTRV, … reliable value for lifetime n needed ! A n PERKEO n = 885.7(8) s n = 878.5(8) s

2/10/2014 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, higher yields (nuclei & UCN) B. Correlation measurements in decay - nuclear beta decay a, A, … correlations - needs for field - polarized samples in traps ( tensor, right-handed currents, …) - precise determination of nuclear polarization - improved simulation codes - long beam times - particle traps GANIL, ISOLDE, KVI, … ) - simulation codes

b. Precise QED studies within the SM Accurate QED predictions required for improved determinations of fundamental constants (e.g. α, m e, …) level reached 3. Electroweak interactions - g-2 measurements: electron α muon test standard model 2/10/201415WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, light hydrogenic ions, muonic & pionic hydrogen, … e.g. m e from L / c for C 5+ - light few-body atoms: He, Li, pbar-He, … - highly charged ions e.g. QED in strong E-fields, magnetic moments, … - many-electron atoms theory: electron correlations, …

QCD QCD and Gravitaiton - pionic atoms (e.g. DIRAC exp, PSI) 2/10/201416WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, kaonic atoms & kaonic nuclear bound states e.g. SIDDHARTA, AMADEUS, AD, FLAIR - pbar-atoms FLAIR) - gravitational interaction of antimatter e.g. gravitational mass of anti-H with - searches for non-Newtonian gravity e.g. test law of gravity at small distances (GRANIT, qBounce,..) Gravitation

1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance Future directions - overview 1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups 2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases 3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model Recommendations - overview 2/10/201417WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, Support for and from theory 3. Facilities

Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups Support for theory Facilities 1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotons CERN, later 2. underground laboratories (upgrades / new ones) 3. upgraded and new facilities Recommendations - 1 2/10/201418WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, training of young people - development of new techniques - detectors - to improve/extend possibilities of traps and from theory

Support for and from theory Facilities 1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotons 2. underground laboratories 3. upgraded and new facilities (time-ordered approach) 4.regular access to beams & long continuous beam time periods: nuclei: neutrons: high-intensity neutron sources QED: sources of coherent short-wavelength e.m. radiation Recommendations - 2 2/10/201419WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 nuclei - HIE-ISOLDE - SPIRAL2 (DESIR) - EURISOL neutrons - UCN FRM-II - European Spallation Source anti-p - modules 4 & 5 of FAIR (for QED & antiproton research) Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups

Accelerator (600 MeV proton, 4 mA) Lead-Bismuth coolant Sub-critical reactor ADS Accelerator Driven System Neutron multiplier Fast neutron source Waste transmutation Material testing others: RI, NTD-Si,... Flexible irradiation facility Spallation source ( proton neutron ) The MYRRHA concept (SCKCEN, Mol, Belgium)

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, Future directions

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2,

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2,

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, Recommendations

2/10/2014WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2,