1 4 divisions: No. 1 operator worldwide No. 1 private operator No. 1 in Europe for energy services Veolia Environnement Global leader in environmental solutions

2 Revenue per division

3 Key figures: 157 years of serving the environment 2009 revenue: 34.6 billion Operations in 72 countries around the world 336,000 employees worldwide 140 million invested in research 450 researchers with 450 field developers Veolia Environnement

Development of advanced solutions to meet future water challenges Dr Jean-Christophe Schrotter Membrane R&D Director

5 Advanced solutions : The outline Background Water treatment cycle Solutions to solve water scarcity issues Where are we now ? examples of current water treatment plants What to expect for the future ? examples of revolutionary processes

6 Key water facts Ref : Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F. et al. WHO, Geneva (2008)

7 Water availability issues

8 surface ground Other Irrigation Drinking water Common use Industry Wastewater treatment Drinking water plant Brackish or Sawater desalination Water treatment cycle Reuse water Reuse treatment

9 Water Reuse and Desalination Growth (m3/d) Ref : Global water market 2008, GWI

Desalination and Waste water reuse Plants Veolia references More than 150 reuse plants (>3.2M m3/d) Hundred desal plants (10M m3/d). More than 15% of the worlds desal installed capacity.

11 Membranes : a Great Evolution ! Membrane: key enabling technology for desalination, reuse treatment process that needs to deliver higher quality product waters from lower quality feed waters.

12 Microscopic view of a membrane surface Membrane pore diameter 0.2 m Cryptosporidium : 3 à 6 m

13 Pollutant removal by membrane processes Reverse Osmosis Nano- filtration Ultra- filtration Micro- filtration 0,0001 m 0,001 m 0,01 m 0,1 m 1 m 10 m 100 m. Membrane pores diameters Strepto 1 m Pseudomonas Diminuta 0,28 m Influenza Virus 0,1 m Pesticides 0,007 m Sodium 0,00037 m water 0,0002 m Giardia Lamblia and Cryptosporidium 3 à 6 m Increasing energy demand

14 Advanced solutions : The outline Background Water treatment cycle Solutions to solve water scarcity issues Where are we now ? examples of current water treatment plants What to expect for the future ? examples of revolutionary processes

Desalination and Waste water reuse Plants

Gold Coast Desalination Plant m 3 /d in operation since 2009

17 Inlet Pumping Station Flocculation / Dual Media Filters Cartridge Filters RO 2 – stage 1 Post Treatment Drinking Water storage Offshore Pipe Shock Chlorination 13 ppm as Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Booster Pumps 1 st RO Pass HP Pumps Network Final Disinfection RO 1 2 nd Pass RO HP Pumps Sodium Bisulphite 1.7 ppm antiscalant 0.1 ppm polymer NaOH (pH = 10) RO 2 – stage 2 2 ppm antiscalant Overall Plant train Lime Water & CO2

18 Gold Coast Desalination Project Intake Tunnel Layout 1 km off-shore 24 m total depth 4 m from the seabed

19 Western Corridor Water treatment Project 235,000 m 3 /d for industrial reuse (Power station, steel and paper plants) Household irrigation and indirect potable reuse being considered Treated water quality <250 mg/l TDS <1.2 mg/l N total <0.15 mg/l P total

20 AWTP Process

21 Treated Water Quality - Micropollutants About 200 parameters twice a week

22 moleculesNaturedetection limit ng/Lfeed ROpost ROpost UV+peroxyde hydrocodoneanalgesic180<1 Trimethoprimeantibiotic13842,95<1 acetaminopheneanalgesic10<10 Caffeine-10<10 Erythromycineantibiotic1298<1 Sulfamethoxazoleantibiotic18922,9<1 Fluoxethineantidepressant133<1 Pentoxifyllinevasodilator112<1 Meprobamateanxiolytic12921,5<1 Dilantineantiepileptic1144<1 TCEPchelatant10272<10 Carbamazepineantiepileptic12792,4<1 DEETpesticide5293<5 Atrazinepesticide11<1 Diazepameanxiolytic11<1 Oxybenzonepesticide521<5 Estriolsteroid514<5 Ethinylestradiolsteroid1<1 Estronesteroid1101<1 Estradiolsteroid118<1 Testoteronesteroid1<1 Progesteronesteroid1<1 Androstenedionesteroid15<1 Iopromideantineoplastic16321,4<1 Naproxenepainkiller12551,2<1 Ibuprofenepainkiller179<1 diclofenacpainkiller189<1 Triclosanpreservative13243,4<1 Gemfibrozil110221,3<1 concentrations in ng/L at different steps antihyperlipidemic Micropolluant removal with MF/RO/H2O2+UV by Samer Adham –MWH- AWA membranes Conference II, Feb 2007, Melbourne Australia). atherosclerosis.

23 Concentrate Waste treatment Simplicity No reaction No by-products Limited chemicals Product quantity Fouling Advantages Membrane for desal and Reuse application Disadvantages intensive energetically and operationally Flexibility Modular design Product Quality Selective removal of Pollutants according to needs

24 Membrane treatment plant Raw water in water resource Intake pumping Liquid effluents Potable water delivered to users DisinfectionDistributionClarificationFiltrationMembrane processes Sludge treatment Liquid effluents Electricity, heat chemicals, spare parts Electricity, chemicals Electricity, chemicalsElectricity Electricity, chemicals Liquid effluents Electricity Water treatment Complex process train are currently used to minimize membrane fouling Chemically, energetically and operationally intensive

25 Main drawbacks of current treatment trains Desalination : Energetically and chemically intensive Reuse : Operationally and Chemically intensive Concentrate treatment Public acceptance

26 Advanced solutions : The outline Background Water treatment cycle Solutions to solve water scarcity issues Where are we now ? examples of current water treatment plants What to expect for the future ? examples of revolutionary processes

27 Water transport in nature : aquaporins

28 Unique Selling Points Absolute Pure Water ~ 100% ( ~ % salt rejection, being approx times better than todays best reverse osmosis membranes have ever shown) Reduced energy costs by ~ 80% ( ~ Estimated 5 x energy reduction; or 5 x increase in water flux rate) chemistry/laureates/2003/chemanim1.mpg

29 | ~10 nm | EU projects : Membaq project

30 NanoH2O company : incorporating nanoparticle in polymer matrix Higher flux, fouling resistance membrane

31 Water Price trends ($/m3) Ref : Global water market 2008, GWI

32 Conclusion Desalination and reuse with membrane is a reality Water quality meets stringent regulations Barriers operating up to expectations reliable, safe and secure technology Futures Challenges 1.Improve operations of current treatment trains Reduce energy, chemicals demand Water quality: monitoring, regulations Environmental impact: RO Concentrate 2.Disruptive technologies : aquaporins, CNT, …