BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING A New, Promising Interdisciplinary Field Wei R. Chen, Ph.D. Professor Director of Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Physics and Engineering University of Central Oklahoma September 13, 2005 UCO Intro to Engineering Class

OUTLINE What is Biomedical Engineering BME in US -- current status Professions in BME Jobs for Biomedical Engineering Graduates BME in US -- current status The New BME program at UCO Program design and curriculum Examples of Research in BME Biomedical imaging of cancer Biomedical engineering modalities for cancer treatment

WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Application of engineering skills, principles, and tools to problems in biology, medicine, and health care Interdisciplinary field requiring a unique curriculum that provides students with an understanding of both engineering principles and the life sciences

WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN Basic human physiology and functions Human biological systems in terms of fundamental physics and engineering principles Basic chemistry knowledge and laboratory techniques Knowledge of biomaterials, biomechanics and related fields

WHAT DO BME STUDENTS LEARN Latest instrumentation and methodologies in biomedical engineering Use computers in a biomedical setting Research experience in biomedical settings Practical biomedical engineering experience through job-related training, industrial internships, and biomedical design projects

WHERE DO BME UNDERGRADUATES GO Professional Workforce Medical device and process manufacturers Medical research organizations Government medical agencies and hospitals Graduate Schools Biomedical engineering Other engineering and related disciplines Other Professional Schools Medical, dental, and law

JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES designing and constructing cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, artificial kidneys, blood oxygenators, hearts, blood vessels, joints, arms, and legs. designing computer systems to monitor patients during surgery or in intensive care, or to monitor healthy persons in unusual environments, such as astronauts in space or underwater divers at great depth.

JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES designing and building sensors to measure blood chemistry, such as potassium, sodium, O2, CO2, and pH. designing instruments and devices for therapeutic uses, such as a laser system for eye surgery or a device for automated delivery of insulin. constructing and implementing mathematical/computer models of physiological systems.

JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES designing clinical laboratories and other units within the hospital and health care delivery system that utilize advanced technology. designing, building and investigating medical imaging systems based on X-rays (computer assisted tomography), isotopes (position emission tomography), magnetic fields (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound, or newer modalities.

JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES designing and constructing biomaterials and determining the mechanical, transport, and biocompatibility properties of implantable artificial materials. investigating the biomechanics of injury and wound healing.

JOBS FOR BME GRADUATES implementing new diagnostic procedures, especially those requiring engineering analyses to determine parameters that are not directly accessible to measurements, such as in the lungs or heart.

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES History Starting in 1960’s Johns Hopkins University Current Status 117 colleges and universities 102 undergraduate degree programs 105 master’s degree programs 101 doctoral degree programs The Whitaker Foundation, 2005

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES In the Past Twenty Years BME Undergraduate Enrollment UP 200% BME Graduate Enrollment UP 300% Other Engineering Enrollment Slightly decline

The Whitaker Foundation, 2001

U.S. Department of Labor, 2002

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING JOBS Average Starting Salary Offer (2001): Bachelor BME Candidate: $47,850 Master BME Candidate: $62,600 Survey, National Association of Colleges and Employers, 2002

UCO BME GRADUATES Graduate Schools Environment Companies BME Software Applications Other Transitional work

NEW BME UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM AT UCO Business Trend Biotechnology booming Next major discipline (PRISM, Sept. 1999) Employment Increasing demands (World, U.S. and OK) Important, fulfilling profession High pay Saving lives

BIOTECH INDUSTRY IN OKLAHOMA Early development stage Shortage of trained BME personnel Lack of undergraduate BME program Companies leave states Students leave states to pursue BME education (to Texas)

BME CURRICULUM PROGRAM AT UCO Concentration A: Pre-Medicine Biology: 11 hours Chemistry: 25 hours Engineering: 39 hours Math and Computer Science: 14 hours Physics: 8 hours General Ed: 29 hours Total: 126 hours

BME CURRICULUM PROGRAM AT UCO Concentration B: Bio-Instrumentation Biology: 11 hours Chemistry: 10 hours Engineering: 45 hours Math and Computer Science: 14 hours Physics: 18 hours General Ed: 29 hours Total: 127 hours

BME PROGRAM AT UCO Major Goals Provide Oklahoma students with an opportunity to pursue a BME undergraduate degree Prepare students to pursue a BME doctoral degree at OU Bioengineering Center and OSU Center for Laser and Photonics Research Establish, in collaboration with OU, OUHSC, OSU and health industries, a regional center for BME undergraduate education

BME PROGRAM AT UCO Major Goals Facilitate for students with associate degree in BME from community colleges to pursue a BS degree in BME Establish collaboration with local biomedical companies for internship and job training Graduate at least ten students each year with BS degree in BME, with at least five students continuing BME education in graduate school

SUPPORT FOR THE BME PROGRAM AT UCO Support from departments of Colleges of Math and Science at UCO Biology Chemistry Computer Science Mathematics Physics and Engineering

SUPPORT FOR THE BME PROGRAM AT UCO Support from External Institutions OU Health Center OU Bioengineering Center OU Department of Physiology and Biophysics OU Department of Cell Biology OSU Veterinary Laser Surgery Center OSU Sensor Technology Center

SUPPORT FOR THE BME PROGRAM AT UCO Support from Oklahoma Industry UroCor ZymeTx Wound Healing of Oklahoma SoundTech Nanomagnetic Etc.

CURRENT BME COURSES Principle of Biomedical Engineering Introduction to applications of physics and engineering principles to biomedical systems Study of biomedical functions of the human body using mechanics, electricity and magnetism, optics, and thermodynamics Responses of human biomedical functions to different bioengineering applications

NEW BME COURSES AT UCO Signals and Control Systems & Lab Signal Analysis in Time Domain Signal Analysis in Frequency Domain System Controls Background Information and Experiments

NEW BME COURSES AT UCO Biomedical Imaging Introduction to applications of physics and engineering principles in medical diagnostics and treatment Methods and instrumentation in biomedical imaging such as x-ray, MRI, and ultrasound, etc. Biomedical imaging processing

NEW BME COURSES AT UCO Biomedical Instrumentation Measurement of analysis of biological systems Components of instrumentation: Transducer, circuits Display and analysis of biomedical signals Data acquisition and controls Safety

NEW BME COURSES AT UCO BME Senior Engineering Design I & II Identify design-related project Written project proposal Team work Design, develop, test, and evaluate project Project report

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING – PRODUCE OF SYNERGISM DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES Physical Sciences – Physics and Chemistry Mathematics and Computer Biological Sciences and Medicine Engineering DIFFERENT EFFORTS Education Health Care Industry

BME RESEARCH AT UCO Cancer Treatment Using Selective Photothermal Interactions Dye targeted tissue Noninvasive laser treatment Photo Dynamic Immuno Therapy in Treatment of Metastatic Tumors Laser Laser-absorbing dye Immunoadjuvant

BME RESEARCH AT UCO X-Ray Biomedical Imaging Laser-Tissue Interactions Breast cancer detection Imaging guided laser treatment Laser-Tissue Interactions Energy and temperature distributions Experiments Monte Carlo simulations

EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT UCO Photo Dynamic Immuno Therapy Dye-immunoadjuvant injection Noninvasive laser irradiation Long-term survival Resistance to tumor rechallenge Adoptive immunity transfer Treatment of metastatic tumors

Scintillator CCD Optical Lens Rat X-Ray Tube

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN RESEARCH Tumor Detection Imaging technique Tumor localization for injection Distribution of Drug in Tumor Transport phenomenon Chemical engineering

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN RESEARCH Laser Energy Delivery-Engineering Dosage calculation and optimization Optical system for energy delivery Engineering design Thermal Tissue Interaction Energy and temperature distribution Mathematics and computer modeling

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN RESEARCH Optimization of Laser Treatment Laser parameters Dye dose: concentration & volume Immunoadjuvant dose: concentration & volume Anti-Tumor Immune Response Tumor immunology Molecular biology

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN RESEARCH Interdisciplinary Research Biology Chemistry Physics Engineering Mathematics Computer modeling

FURTHER INFORMATION ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Biomedical Engineering Handbook Related Web Sites: Biomedical Engineering Society http://mecca.org/BME/BMES/society/ The Whitaker Foundation for BME http://www.whitaker.org/ BME Net http://www.bmenet.org/BMEnet/

FURTHER INFORMATION ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Related Web Sites: BME Program at Johns Hopkins University http://www.bme.jhu.edu/ BME Program at University of Virginia http://www.med.virginia.edu/bme/ BME Program at Texas A&M University http://biomed.tamu.edu/

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