The Human Body Nutrition

What does this picture have to do with a human body? Bodies (and cells) are like factories with many different jobs that take in raw materials to achieve those jobs

element atom Molecule Cell Tissue organs Nutrients

Nutrients A substance that a living thing must take in to promote growth, maintenance, and repair is called nutrients.

6 nutrients Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, minerals Carbohydrates: organic compounds made from one or more sugar molecules. They store and provide energy for your body to function

Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates are called sugars. Found in many forms: Sucrose (granulated sugar) Fructose (honey, fruit) Lactose (milk sugar) Glucose (fruit, flows through blood)

Complex Carbohydrates Made of sugar molecules linked together in chains They form starch in potatoes, pasta and bread. Some cc’s, such as cellulose (fiber) are not digestible

Proteins Made of amino acids They regulate the chemical reactions in the body, transport and store materials, promote growth and healing. They are long chains of molecules Our cells need combinations of different amino acids to make proteins for reactions in our bodies

Cholesterol is a compound lipid, helps build cell membranes lipids Simple or compound Are molecules of triglycerides (alcohol glycerol) with fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) Cholesterol is a compound lipid, helps build cell membranes Saturated fats have all the hydrogen atoms they can hold (meat fat/butter) unsaturated do not have all the hydrogen atoms they can hold and are better for us (olive oil)

Vitamins Organic substances needed in small amounts for growth and activity Either fat or water soluble (dissolve in) 4 fat-soluble: A,D,E,K We need a little fat to store these vitamins

Fat soluble http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09315.html

Vitamin C, and eight B vitamins Water-soluble Vitamin C, and eight B vitamins Body excretes extra water-soluble vitamins Many are used for cell metabolism

Minerals Inorganic substances Calcium and phosphorus make up most of our mineral content Some minerals work together, others alone Most play a role in one of the body’s chemical processes in a cell

Water More than 70% of our body mass is water. Most of our water is found in our cells Intracellular/extracellular Ex. Is water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide, electrolytes

Digestions, Absorption, GI Tract 1. Digestion: food is broken down into microscopic nutrients through digestion A. chewing B. chemically with enzymes.

2. Absorption: nutrient molecules are moved into the bloodstream. Most absorption occurs in walls of small intestine Bloodstream brings nutrients everywhere http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b20VRR9C37Q