Expansion & Conflict - Jefferson to Jackson -

Early North Am. Explorers Missionaries –Circuit Riders: Pastors, ride to local churches. Fur Traders- –French: Midwest, Great Lakes. Explorers –Zebulon Pike: 1805, explores upper Miss. Valley.

Louisiana Purchase 1803 Jefferson purchases L. Territory from France for $15 million. –Monroe to Paris-purchase New Orleans –Doubled size of U.S.

Why? –Western farm goods need transportation –Free navigation of Mississippi River –Store goods, New Orleans

Legal? –T.J.- strict constructionist –Constitution does not give POTUS this power.

Corps of Discovery 1804 – 1806 Pres. Jefferson sends Lewis & Clark to chart new terr. –Find all-water route to Pacific, contact Native tribes. –Map country, survey plants, animals, landforms.

Captains – Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

50 frontiersman accompany. Sacagawea, Shoshone Nat. Am. guide & interpreter.

Lewis' First Glimpse of the Rockies"

Leave St. Louis, over Rockies, stop Pacific, rtn to St. Louis.

Supreme Court Judiciary Act of 1801 –Creates new positions in court system –Departing POTUS Adams hurries to appoint judges –New Sec. of State, Madison refuses to deliver appointments –Marbury asks SC to have appt. delivered.

Marbury v. Madison Established S/C power –Right to declare Congressional laws unconstitutional. Known as, Judicial Review. –checks and balances in action.

War of 1812 U.S. & Britain war from Causes: –British impressments of Am. Sailors. –Trade relations disrupted over FR/Eng. War. –Eng. helping N.W. Indians. War Hawks-favor war-most from W. states.

Major Events Most fighting on U.S./Canada border Naval war-Cptn Perry defeats Br on Lake Erie.

Tecumseh-sides w/ Br. dies at defeat of Battle of Thames in Ontario. Baltimore Harbor-Ft. McHenry withstands Br bombardment.

Wash. D.C, invaded by Br. much burned to ground.

Rise in Nationalism Nationalism –The interests of the nation, more important than the regions of the country. Monroe Doctrine –Any Euro attempt to colonize the Americas is dangerous to our peace and safety.

Age of Jackson Hero of Battle of New Orleans. Lost 1824 Pres. Election Creates Democratic party Jacksonian Democracy-hero of ordinary Amers.

Andrew Jackson: elected 1829 – 37. Spoils System: reward supporters with govt jobs. Indian Removal Act: –1830: Cong. law – five civilized tribes moved west to OK. –Trail of Tears: K Cherokees forced marched, 4,000+ die.

Threat to the Union S. opposed tariffs on imports 1828 tariff hurts South S.Carolina will Nullify(not obey fed law.)

–S.C threatens succession. Potus AJ-threatens troops to S.C. S.C. will enforce tariffs.

Jacksons Bank War: –Jackson feels 2 nd Bank favors wealthy, N.East. –2 nd Bank of U.S.- regulates state banks.

–Jackson breaks up Nat. Bank; –2 nd Bank becomes state banks or pet banks.

Age of Jackson Impact Universal suffrage: All white males given vote. The people are the sovereign power. Increased the power of the President.