The High Cost of Discrimination in Latin America Judith Morrison Inter-American Dialogue Executive Director, Inter-Agency Consultation on Race in Latin America Web:

African descendents 150 million 39 – 33% of the population Over half of the poor

Indigenous Populations 30 – 40 million people 8% of the population Living in deplorable socio-economic conditions Significant advances over the past two decades: funds, units, policies, and mechanisms in international organizations

Inter-American Dialogue Race Program and the IAC The Inter-American Dialogue Race Program and the Inter- Agency Consultation on Race in Latin America (IAC) were created in These programs work with international organizations and governments to bring greater visibility of the situation of racial discrimination, and social exclusion that impacts African descendents in Latin America. Share information and analysis on the situation of African descendents in the region Implement joint activities Establishes programming to strengthen the work of participating institutions Maintain a dialogue with leaders and organizations in the region.

Cost of Social Exclusion Economies in Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala Peru could expand their GDPs by as much as 36.7 % with the elimination of African descendent and indigenous social exclusion (Zoninsein 2001) IPEA states black women face labor, education, and societal discrimination

Data: Brazil 2 nd largest African descendent nation outside of Africa – 50% of population Lack formal education – 36% blacks & 19% whites Illiteracy – 50% blacks & 20% whites HDI: Country 69 th position Only blacks 101 st position Only whites 46 th position Unemployment – 78% blacks below the poverty line & 40% whites

Data: Colombia 21% to 30% of the population – 10 million to 17 million; areas with high concentration of blacks 90% Pacific coast, 60% Atlantic coast; Choco 85% Extreme inequality 96% basic needs unmet in black municipalities – 45% unmet in white 98% of black communities lack basic public services -- only 6% of white communities lack these services (water, sewerage, electricity) Health care systems cover 40% of the nations white municipalities, but only 10% of black municipalities Blacks overrepresented in the war 50% - 60% of new recruits Movement of the war to black regions makes the war much more difficult to eliminate because of the extreme inequality in these regions

Recommendations for the Drafting of the Convention Join with international organizations – think tanks, NGOs, civil society organizations – to consider new ways of understanding the links between discrimination and social exclusion Include self-definition as an important framework for defining race – establish terminology that is inclusive of modern terminology, but that is also flexible and representative of the ways individuals self-identify. Such as: African descendents (which includes blacks, morenos, palenqueros, quilombolos, raizales, pardos, pretos, mulatos, afro- americanos, afro-latinos, etc.) Analyze possible ways of linking discrimination to labor markets (Summit of the Americas). Consider how discrimination impacts the representation of diverse populations in leadership positions at international organizations and in governments – who is employed and how they are employed. Incorporate the progress made in the region through the Santiago Declaration and Santiago process

ContactInformation Judith Morrison Inter-American Dialogue Executive Director Inter-Agency Consultation on Race in Latin America (IAC)