The English Colonies 1600-1753

The New England Colonies Founders were English religious groups who disagreed with many of the practices of the Church of England

The Pilgrims Establish Plymouth Pilgrims- Group called Separatists Separate from Church of England Sailed on Mayflower Landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts Squanto showed how to hunt, fish and plant crops

The Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritan- Purify the Church, start a commonwealth Commonwealth- A community in which people worked together for the good of the whole

Puritan Town Organization Puritan law required everyone to attend church “New England Way”- Duty, godliness, hard work and honesty The puritan work ethic and abundant natural resources of the region led to rapid growth

Northern Agriculture and Resources New England soil was very rocky and winters long and cold Subsistence farming Fishing, lumber for ship building, fur hunting and iron deposits

New England Grows Other colonies founded by religious leaders who oppose Puritan beliefs In early 1700’s Puritanism declined because of drive to make a profit.

Triangular Trade Triangular Trade- Exchange of goods between America’s, Europe, and Africa New England send rum and iron to Africa Trade cargo for slaves Send slaves to West Indies for sugar & Molasses Take sugar & molasses to New England to make rum

Triangular Trade

Africans in New England Few enslaved people No need for slaves on small farms Slaves work as house servants, cooks, gardeners, stable- hands, in shops, warehouse and docks Sometimes kept a portion of wage

The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Protestants, Catholics, Quakers, and Jews settled

Agriculture & Resources The Hudson and Delaware Rivers supported shipping and commerce Broad valleys, rich soil and mild winters allowed farmers to grow crops & raise livestock Cash Crops- Raised and sold for money

Cities Built on Trade New York City on mouth of Hudson River Philadelphia founded on Delaware River Thriving wheat trade Shipyards and shipbuilding important business

Diversity and Tolerance William Penn founded Pennsylvania for Quakers Treated people equally One of the Wealthiest because people could pursue business freely

William Penn

Africans in the Middle Colonies 7% of Middle Colonies enslaved Most lived in New York Manual laborers, servants, drivers and assistants Free Africans worked as laborers, servants or sailors

The Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia

Maryland and the Carolina’s Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore Place for Catholics Carolina’s established in 1663 Built Charles Town became refuge for French Protestants Split in to North and South Carolina 1712

Southern Agriculture Coastal Plain, streams, & long growing season made Southern Colonies ideal for cash crops Grew tobacco, rice, and indigo South Carolina rice planters some of wealthiest in world

A Plantation Economy Plantation Economy- Way of life based on large, self sufficient farms Indentured servants bought their freedom, Native Americans died from disease & ran away Landowners bought African slaves

Africans in the Southern Colonies By 1750 more than 250,000 enslaved people lived in American colonies 85% lived in Southern colonies Made up 40% of South’s population

A Planter Class Emerges Upper class took control of the political and economic power of the South Landowners with one or more slaves could not compete with wealthy upper class Many moved to Backcountry

The Importance of Land Ownership In England fewer than 5% of the people owned land Colonist believed land meant land to be cultivated/owned Landownership granted political rights Large landowners highest social rank

Colonial Women Played an important role in Colonial America Common way to achieve status Cooked, churned butter, traded goods, tended animals, help raise crops, seamstress

Other roles of Women First to establish schools and orphanages Provide medical care Women could not own property and money earned

Colonial Children Apprentice- Worked without pay to learn a trade Girls rarely became apprentices, learned sewing & cooking

Colonial Education Taught to read or write so they could understand Bible Dame School – Learned alphabet and basic reading and writing

Higher Education Harvard, Yale, & Princeton trained political leaders, ministers and landowners Did not admit women Teaching slaves was illegal Free Africans kept out of school

The Great Awakening Great Awakening- Focused on internal religious expression, not external Individualistic thinking Splitting up church congregations Educated Native Americans & slaves Contributed to American Revolution movement

The Enlightenment Enlightenment- Relied on Science, not religion for knowledge John Locke- Wrote if government fails to protect rights people have right to change government Locke inspired writers of Declaration of Independence