HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 1 Femtocell Synchronization Analysis HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Rock Xie

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2 3GPP Structure for Femtocell The 3GPP TR report defines the architecture aspects of Home NodeB (3G UMTS) and Home eNodeB (4G LTE). The HNB represents the femtocell base station and HNB GW represents the femtocell gateway. The iuh is the interface specifying the communication between the gateway and base station.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 3 Femtocell Forum Structure for Femtocell The Femtocell Forum also provides a reference model very similar to 3GPP

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 4 The challenges in Femtocell synchronization The Femtocell network architecture shows that a public network is used to establish the connectivity between the femtocell and core network elements, This presents a set of unique challenges: Femtocell synchronization security Femtocell synchronization connectivity Femtocell synchronization network scalability

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 5 Security Issue The security is mandatory since the Gateway and Clock server communicate to the Femtocells via a public backhaul broadband connection (also known as the 3GPP iuh interface or Femtocell Forum Fa interface). The important point worth noting is the large number of Femtocells that might have to be served, as well as the additional bandwidth overhead IPSec represents to the offered load (bandwidth consumption) of synchronization messages. The 3GPP has considered some of the security aspects with respect to synchronization performance. The [3GPP ] report lists the following: 1. it may be possible to leave some of the messages unprotected, but there might be security risks. Care should be taken in considering which messages are protection or not. 2. there may be bandwidth, delay and delay variation problems if all the messages (eg., [IEEE1588]) are to be protected. 3. if delays become excessively long, reliance on internal clock might be important and requires further investigation.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 6 Connectivity Issue The Home GW provides Internet sharing for home devices. One of the challenges is to define the end-to-end connectivity model between the femtocell and clock server when a function such as network address translation (NAT) is present within the Home GW. network address translation (NAT) protects the internal home network, but prevents the direct connection between devices sitting in the home network and devices that are outside (reachable through the public Internet). With respect to synchronization, this could limit the ability of a femtocell to communicate directly to a Clock server. Therefore, some mechanism to handle NAT translation and to guarantee proper flow of synchronization messages should be provided.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 7 The femtocell network could easily extend to millions of devices and the offered load of synchronization messages (bandwidth consumption) could become quite large when unicast addressing is used. The scalability issue could impact the clock server throughput but more importantly could increase the difficultly in capacity planning and placement of clock servers in the network The use of load balancing techniques might be beneficial to help in sync capacity planning but might impact performance. The use of multicast technologies currently being developed might present opportunities to reduce the bandwidth consumption of synchronization messages and to considerably increase the number of femtocells a server can support. Scalability issue

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 8 The use of IPSec links in public networks could degrade the transport of synchronization message and its performance. In order to reduce the impact of security issue in public networks, it is possible to leave some of the synchronization messages unprotected. Caution should take place on the use of IPSec and sync performance. Synchronization messages traversing Network Address Translation (NAT) functions need to be considered, in order to guarantee proper connectivity between a Clock Server and Femtocell. Scalability aspects (large number of femtocells), bandwidth consumption and the placement of clock servers are important as the network architecture need to be developed. If TICTOC intends to develop some form of synchronization profile covering mobile backhaul for instance, then the aspects of femtocell should be taken into account. Conclusion

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