Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest. Pest Management Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

Objective 8.01 Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest.

What is an insect? Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs Body regions head thorax abdomen

Types of Insects The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. Chewing Piercing Rasping Siphoning Sponging

Chewing Insects Insects tear, chew or grind food Examples grasshopper beetle

Piercing Insects Punctures plant and sucks the sap

Rasping insect Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap Example thrips

Siphoning insects Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in Example butterfly

Sponging Insects Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal Example housefly

Life Cycles Complete metamorphosis has four stages egg larva-worms or caterpillars pupa adult-flies, beetles, etc.

Life Cycles Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages egg nymph Adult Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

Life Cycles

Chewing Insects Parts of leaves are eaten away beetles cutworms caterpillars grasshoppers

Chewing Insects Beetles Cutworms eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts Cutworms usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

Chewing Insects Caterpillars Grasshoppers larva of moths and butterflies fuzzy or hairy eat young leaves and stems roll up in leaves making leaves curl Grasshoppers eat all parts of plants

Sucking Insects Aphids Leaf bugs Mealy bugs Scale Thrips Whiteflies

Aphids Pierce and suck juices known as plant lice cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves causes sticky substances and black mold will attract ants

Aphids

Leaf Bugs Cause plants to look unhealthy plants will lose their normal color and wilt

Leaf Bugs

Mealy Bugs Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

Mealy bugs

Scale Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

Scale

Thrips Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

Thrips

Whiteflies Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

Whiteflies

Mites Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots severe infestations cause webbing

Mites

Plant Diseases

Objective 8.02 Discuss diseases and viruses.

Diseases A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent

Diseases There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants host plant disease causing organism or pathogen must be present favorable environment for disease organism to develop

Pathogens There are four groups of pathogens bacteria fungi viruses parasitic plants (attach to plants) mistletoe dodder lichens

Bacteria Single celled microorganisms Examples of common bacteria diseases: Leaf spot Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on leaves. Blight cause plant to quickly turn brown or black as if they had been burned

Blight

Leaf Spots

Fungi Cannot make their own food Examples of common fungi diseases: They develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the host plant Many fungi are spread by spores. Examples of common fungi diseases: Damping off causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level. Rust cause small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves. Powdery mildew grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants Galls are round swellings or growths usually on tree branches or leaves.

Damping off A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at soil level

Damping Off

Rust Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves

Rust

Mildew Grows on leaf surfaces--both upper and lower--as white, gray or purple spots

Gall Swellings or growths on plants

Viruses Viruses are pathogens with an extremely narrow host range Examples of common viruses: Tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco. Can be transfer from human hands of a smoker Be sure to wash your hands before working with plants to control the spread of this virus Cause leave to have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark to light green and yellow to white

Mosaic Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white

Mosaic

Others Diseases

Canker Causes open wounds on woody plants

Canker

Rots Cause plant to decay and die

Smut A black, powdery disease that causes blisters that burst open releasing black spores

Smut

Wilt A disease that blocks the uptake of water in plant stems causing plants to wilt

Wilt