Chapter 2.  Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain and Spinal Cord (all nerves within our bones) p. 61  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  All other nerves.

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Chapter 2

 Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain and Spinal Cord (all nerves within our bones) p. 61  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  All other nerves in the body that are not part of the Brain and Spinal Cord  Links the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body

 2 parts of the Peripheral Nervous System  Somatic – Controls voluntary movement through the body’s skeletal muscles  Autonomic – Controls the automatic functions of our body (ex. heart). Mnemonic is autonomic and automatic.

 Sympathetic  Mobilizes our body to respond to stress  Fight or Flight Response – state of increased physiological arousal, helps the body cope with and survive threatening situations  Parasympathetic  Slows our body down after responding to stress

 Sympathetic - Arousal  Pupil: Dilates  Heart: Accelerates  Stomach: Digestion Inhibited  Perspiration: Increases

 Parasympathetic – Calming  Pupil: Contracts  Heart: Slows down  Stomach: Digestion is stimulated  Perspiration: Decreases

 Sensory Neurons – aka Afferent Neurons  Interneurons- connect sensory/motor neurons.  Motor Neurons – aka Efferent Neurons

 Sensory Neurons – aka Afferent Neurons  Take info from the senses to the brain  Ex. You touch a hot light bulb, receptors in your skin carry information to your spinal cord. When pain information enters the spinal cord it is sent to the interneuron

 Interneuron  Neurons of the central nervous system  Communicate between sensory inputs and motor outputs  Ex. Information taken to the spinal cord is sent to motor neuron by the interneuron

 Motor Neurons – aka Efferent Neurons  Take info from the brain to the senses (think exits the brain)  Ex. Information is sent from the spinal cord to the muscles in the hand, causing the hand to withdraw quickly ▪ At this same time, the interneuron may also send information to other parts of the brain, which in turn sends out other motor neurons causing you to move your facial muscles (look of pain) or vocal muscles (yell)

 Reflex – an unlearned or involuntary reaction to some stimulus. These are processed through the spinal chord

 Neural Network – interconnectedness of the body’s neurons, works together in groups.  (Ex. – student neural network)  VIDEO- Crash course- nervous system

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