SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 SDS-4 Session 2 Mission updates ALOS-2 JAXA Masanobu Shimada

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Mission Launch and commissioning Status / launch date: – Satellite assembly in progress, PALSAR-2 on ground test, satellite- ground facility interface test, on-schedule. – Targeting Early 2014 launch Commissioning Phase duration – Six months after the launch (initial mission check + Initial CALVAL) Expected timing to enter operational status – 7th month after the launch Expected life time – 7 years Data policy (if known): not decided yet. Any other info: 379 PIs for ALOS-2 research announcement

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Mission Objectives of Acquisition strategy Disaster Monitoring - quick access to damaged areas and continuous monitoring - InSAR for deformation Land Monitoring - generate systematic archive - sea ice monitoring Agricultural Monitoring - evaluation of irrigated rice fields Natural Resource Exploration - detecting oil slick over sea - analysis of geology and topography Global Forest Monitoring - deforestation monitoring Potential Use - maritime safety

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Mission Acquisition strategy Capacity to accommodate GFOI acquisition requests (in accordance with Baseline Strategy [Element-1] Implementation Plan) Capacity to augment plan “on the fly” – Twice a year global coverage by 10m Dual (28MHz) Strip and more frequent ScanSAR (350km) Dual observations are mostly used for quick-monitoring. Technical constraints (recorder capacity, downlink, etc.): – Availability of DRTS for one year after the launch – Continuous Downlinking using the Svalbird Ground station

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Mission Data processing Processing levels : L1.1(SLC-IEEE), 1.5(geocoded amp, 16bit-amp), 2.1(Ortho-16bits-amp), 3.1(noise reduced) Data formats: CEOS/GEOTIF – Means for data distribution: – AUIG-2 based ordering and distribution, primary FTP down loading and exceptionally DVD distribution

6 L-band SAR antenna X-band downlink antenna Solar Arrays Data relay antenna Specification ALOS-2 satellite L-band SAR (PALSAR-2) Stripmap: 3 to 10m res., 50 to 70 km swath ScanSAR: 100m res., 350km/490km swath Spotlight: 1×3m res., 25km swath Orbit Sun-synchronous orbit Altitude: 628km Local sun time : 12:00 +/- 15min Revisit: 14days Orbit control: ≦ +/-500m Life time5 years (target: 7 years) LaunchJFY2013, H-IIA launch vehicle Downlink X-band: 800Mbps(16QAM) 400/200Mbps(QPSK) Ka-band: 278Mbps (Data Relay) ALOS-2 in-orbit configuration X Y Z Experimental Compact InfraRed Camera (CIRC) SPace based Automatic Identification System Experiment (SPAISE2) Phase D

Data Analysis System (Cal/Val, Algorithm development, Science) USB （ TLM,RNG ） Antenna prediction RNG USB （ CMD,RNG ） USB （ TLM,RNG ） X （ Mission ） USB （ CMD,RNG ） USB （ TLM,RNG ） X （ Mission ） USB （ CMD,RNG ） Ka （ CMD,RNG ） Ka （ TLM,RNG ） Ka （ Mission ） CMD TLM Katsuura JAXA GN GPS data Observation Request USER Observation Request Product Observation Request Product Trajectory information Level 0/1 data Mission data Svalvard (KSAT) (Back up) Ground station of other organization Trajectory information X （ Mission ） Satellite Control & Mission Operation System ALOS-2 Antenna prediction Antenna prediction Antenna prediction Flight Dynamics System Data relay satellite Calibration coefficient,Algorithm Level 0/1 data Other Space Agency Information System (Tasking, Collection, Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination) Hatoyama (Back up) X （ Mission ） JAXA SN (Tsukuba, Hatoyama) ： ALOS-2 system ： Tracking network Antenna prediction Trajectory information ALOS-2 Ground System 7

8 PALSAR-2 Specification ModeSpotlightUltra Fine High sensitive Fine ScanSAR nominal ScanSAR wide Bandwidth84MHz 42MHz28MHz14MHz28MHz14MHz Resolution Rg×Az ： 3×1m 3m6m10m100m (3 looks) 60m (1.5 looks) Swath Rg×Az ： 25×25km 50km 70km 350km 5scan 490km 7scan PolarizationSPSP/DPSP/DP/FP/CPSP/DP NESZ-24dB -28dB-26dB -23dB S/A Rg25dB 23dB25dB 20dB Az20dB25dB20dB23dB20dB Spotlight :Detail observation of damaged area Ultra Fine:High Resolution map (Japan area baseline) High sensitive:Flood / Coast monitoring Fine:Global observation (deformation/forest) ScanSAR nominal :ScanSAR InSAR (28MHz) ScanSAR wide: Ice monitoring, Ship detection SP : HH or VV or HV, DP : HH+HV or VV+VH, FP : HH+HV+VH+VV, CP : Compact pol (Experimental mode)

9 Global Observation by ALOS series From experiences of the ALOS operation, a systematic observation strategy to achieve consistent data acquisitions in time and space was crucial

Systematic Observation strategies (Basic Observation Scenarios) have been developed and implemented by JAXA for 20 years: JERS-1 SAR ( : Pan-tropical, Pan- boreal) ALOS PALSAR ( : Global) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 (Under development.: Global) Basic Observation Scenario(BOS)

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 11 Descending acquisitions (noon, ~12:00) - To observe globally with Stripmap (3m) mode once per three years - To observe Wetland and Forest with ScanSAR mode -To observe Deformation and Forest with successive two cycles for INSAR application Ascending acquisitions (midnight, ~24:00) - To observe globally with Stripmap (10m) mode twice a year -To observe polar region with ScanSAR mode more than twice a year to cover summer/winter times. Antarctica will be observed by left look to cover higher latitude. -To observe globally with Stripmap (6m Quad pol) mode once per four years - To observe supersites with Stripmap (6m Quad pol) mode every year

Basic Observation Scenario(BOS) Acquisition Concepts Spatial and temporal consistency over continental scales at fine resolution Adequate revisit frequency (including INSAR) Accurate timing Consistent sensor configuration Long-term continuity The observation strategy of PALSAR-2 aims to provide spatially and temporally consistent, multi-seasonal global coverage, on a repetitive basis during the life-time of the ALOS-2 satellite. Goal Comprehensive and homogeneous global archive of PALSAR-2 data

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Japan BOS To meet requirements from a large number of domestic organisations and user groups Covering all Japan land and sea territory Global BOS Global observations over all land areas at least semi-annual (dual-season) at least dual-polarisation Higher temporal repeat frequency for specific applications (e.g. crustal monitoring; volcanoes; agriculture; wetlands; deforestation hotspot regions; etc.) 13 Japan and global BOS

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Global land areas – baseline mapping Temporal repeat: 2 cov/year GSD: 10 m Mode: Stripmap Dual-pol (HH+HV) Prio 1 Prio 2 Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 14

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Global land areas – VHR mapping Temporal repeat: 1 cov/ 3 years GSD: 3 m Mode: Stripmap Single-pol (HH or HV) (TBD) Prio 1 Prio 2 Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 15

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Global land areas – Quad polarimetry Temporal repeat: 1 cov/ 5 years GSD: 6 m Mode: Stripmap Quad-pol (HH+HV+VV+VH) Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 16

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Forest monitoring Temporal repeat: 2-6 cov/year (tropics 6 cov) GSD: 10 m Mode: Stripmap Dual-pol (HH+HV) Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 17

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Wetlands & Rapid deforestation monitoring Temporal repeat: 9 cov/year GSD: 100 m Mode: ScanSAR 350km Dual-pol(HH+HV) Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 18

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Crustal Deformation Temporal repeat: 2-6 cov/year & 9 cov/year GSD: 10 m & 100 m Mode: Stripmap Dual-pol (HH+HV) & ScanSAR 350km (HH+HV) Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 19

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Polar Ice Temporal repeat: 3 cov/year GSD: 100 m Mode: ScanSAR (HH or HH+HV) (TBD) Right look Left look Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 20

SDCG-4, Pasadena, CA/USA September 4-6, 2013 Observation pattern for annual acquisitions * 10m DP (HH+HV) 6m QP (HH+HV+VV+VH) 3m SP (HH or HV) 100m WB (HH+HV) 100m WB (HH+HV) 100m WB HH+HV 350km (Right) 490 km (Right) 490km (Left) * 3m SP and 6m QP modes require 3 and 4 years for global coverage Basic Observation Scenario (Global) 21