Basic Chemistry Mr. Johnson Nothing cures insomnia more than the realization that it is time to get up and be productive!

Drill:Name: Date: Period: Objective: SWBAT 1. Draw diagrams representing atoms by exploring their subatomic particles. Question 1. E xplain metabolism. Give two examples. 2. C an something be considered “living” if it doesn’t show all FIVE characteristics of life?

Review! Atoms are the Basic Structural Units of Matter They are the smallest particle of matter that keeps its chemical properties. They are the smallest particle of matter that keeps its chemical properties.

An element is a substance made of only one type of atom …Like OXYGEN!

All of the ELEMENTS are organized on the PERIODIC TABLE! All of the ELEMENTS are organized on the PERIODIC TABLE!

Atomic Structure Atoms have three parts: P Protons (+) N Neutrons (0) E Electrons (-) The NUCLEUS holds the Protons and Neutrons Electrons are in different ENERGY LEVELS/ORBITS

Each can hold only so many electrons or else the spinning electrons would crash into each other!!!

Layer one holds up to 2 electrons Layer two holds up to 8 electrons Layer three holds up to 8 electrons Sometimes energy levels can be looked at as a layer or number orbitals away from the nucleus’s center

Atomic Nucleus 2e- 8e- 8e-

In order for an atom to be stable, the number of Protons (+) must EQUAL the number of Electrons (-) 6 Protons 6 Electrons An ION has a different # of Protons and Electrons!! What is the name of this element?

Protons and neutrons have a mass of 1. The atomic mass of an atom is the number of protons + neutrons. Ex. Carbon has 6 (0) and 6 (+), so atomic mass is 12. There are also 6 (-), but they have no atomic mass.

C =12 Carbon Atomic Number=the number of PROTONS (+) Atomic Mass: PROTONS + NEUTRONS Chemical Symbol

Nitrogen (N) Atomic Number: 7 Atomic Mass:14 Protons:_________Neutrons:__________Electrons:___________ Potassium (K) Atomic Number: 19 Atomic Mass:39 Protons:_________Neutrons:__________Electrons:___________

Chemical Bonds Can you name three types of Chemical Bonding? Covalent Bond Ionic Bond Hydrogen Bond Bonding is based on the fact that atoms “WANT” their outer energy level filled!! Why does nature like the outermost energy level filled?

Atoms are “happy” when their outermost energy level holds eight (unless their outermost layer is layer one- Hydrogen then happy with 2)

Outermost energy level Nitrogen:Atomic # = Is this element Happy or stable? Why or Why Not?

Covalent Bonds: Electrons are shared ! Why is the molecule to your left a covalent bond?

O e-e- e- e- e-e- H e- e- e- e- H Water H 2 O: 4 electrons are shared strongest bond!! Why is the oxygen the strongest bond?

When charged sub-atomic particles are unequal {(+) = (-)}, it is called an ion!

Ionic Bonds: Electrons are lost or gained (creating ions). Then 2 atoms are ATTRACTED by opposite charges.

Na Na: 11 sodium e- e-e- e- e- e-e- e- e- e- e- 11 protons (+) 11 electrons (-) e- Valence electrons

Figure 1- Na becomes Na +1 Na11+ e-e- e- e- e-e- e- e- e- e Na +1 is an ion! The outer shell is full- Na is Happy

Cl e- e-e- e- e- e-e- e- e- e- e- e-e-e- e- e- e- e- e- 17 protons (+) 17 electrons (-) Cl: 17

Figure 2-Cl becomes Cl -1 Cl -1 is an ion! Cl e- e-e- e- e- e-e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

Na +1 Cl -1 The opposite charges attract each other, an ionic bond forms making NaCl (salt.)

Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Na+1OH-1= NaOH The opposite charges attract each other, an ionic bond forms making NaOH or sodium hydroxide.

When neutron # is different than proton # {(0) = (+)}, is an isotope. {(0) = (+)}, is an isotope. /

Isotopes occur constantly around us. Where can we see them?

Can these stable isotopes be seen?