Biochemistry Notes

Elements and Atoms Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

Atoms The center of an atom is called the nucleus. Consists of three subatomic particles called: Protons: positive charge Neutrons: neutral/no charge Electrons: negative charge 1st level can hold 2 electrons 2nd level can hold 8 electrons 3rd level can hold 8 electrons

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium Atomic Number: Protons Symbol Element Atomic Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons (Nucleus) QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium Protons + Neutrons Protons = Electrons In a neutral atom

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium = Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Bonding The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)

Periodic Table

Bonding

The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal)

Bonding

Organic vs. Inorganic Notes

Chemical Equations CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O Products Reactants LIGHT ENERGY CO 2 + H 2 O + LIGHT ENERGY  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Equation for Photosynthesis 666

Inorganic Substances Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7. Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine. NotContaining Carbon HCl H 2 SO 4 NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl 2

Organic Substances Molecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains

Organic Substances Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars (saccharides)

Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides

Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid

Proteins: made up of amino acids

Inorganic Acid Base Salt Organic Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid