Ethics “Moral Philosophy”

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Presentation transcript:

Ethics “Moral Philosophy” "Ethics is a code of values which guide our choices and actions and determine the purpose and course of our lives.“ --- Ayn Rand

Ethics What ought we do - What type of person ought we become Branch of philosophy concerned with the evaluation of human conduct What ought we do - What type of person ought we become

Ethics Usually divided into three general areas 1. Meta-ethics 2. Normative ethics 3. Applied ethics

Meta-ethics Investigates the origin of our ethical principles and what they imply - Are Ethics merely social inventions? - Are there moral facts? - Why should we do the “right” thing?

Normative Ethics Arrives at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct How do we decide what is right from wrong? What good habits should we acquire? - What duty do we have to others?

Applied Ethics Examines specific controversial issues Examples: -- Abortion -- Capital punishment -- War -- Animal rights

Ethical Relativism All moral principles are a matter of Human opinion There are no universally valid moral principles All moral principles are a matter of Human opinion

Ethical Relativism Subjective Ethical Relativism - What is right and wrong is solely a matter of each individual’s personal opinion Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism) - What is right and wrong is relative to each particular society

Subjective Ethical Relativism “Raw Oysters taste delicious” “Tattoos are awesome”

Subjective Ethical Relativism “It is wrong to cheat”

Conventional Ethical Relativism “Contemporary values of the 1900’s dictated that Women should not expose their bodies (even when swimming)”

Conventional Ethical Relativism “In the 1920’s it was immoral for women to wear bathing suits that were more than 6 inches above the knee”

Conventional Ethical Relativism “ It was OK to treat people differently because of their race”

Conventional Ethical Relativism “There is nothing wrong with Genocide as long as society condones it”

Ethical Objectivism There are universal and objective moral principles These principles are not relative to the individual nor to society

Ethical Objectivism 5 + 5 = ??? How many sides does a triangle have?

Ethical Objectivism “Murdering an innocent person is wrong”

Ethical Egoism People should always act to promote their own self interest Note -- egoism should not be confused with being an egotist-- a self centered person with an inflated ego

Ethical Egoism Not concerned with gratifying immediate desires Concerned with promoting our objective (long term) self interest

Ethical Egoism What does it mean to act in your self interest? Pursue those ends that will contribute to your personal happiness Maximize our own good an well being

Ethical Egoism “Love and friendship are profoundly personal, selfish values…. One gains a profoundly personal, selfish joy from the mere existence of the person one loves. It is one’s own personal, selfish happiness that one seeks, earns and derives from love”

Ethical Egoism Giving money to a worthy charity How would an ethical egoist justify the following? Putting your life at risk to save a loved one. Giving money to a worthy charity Helping your neighbor move